Case Scenario: Bug, Inc. Essay

The following is a case scenario provided by the University of Phoenix titled Bug, Inc., prepared by Susan Brown Cooper. Scenario: BUG, Inc., a company based in Any State, U.S.A., designs, manufactures, and sells electronic recording devices. These devices are used by law enforcement agencies (police, FBI, etc.) to intercept and record sounds and voices. The equipment taps into telephone wires, cell phone transmissions, and picks up sounds and voices through the walls of a house or in open-air locations through the use of a remote microphone. Part of the equipment is driven by software written by BUG employees. BUG has exclusive contracts with most state and federal law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. BUG is thinking about expanding its sales to international markets. Currently, half of its manufacturing plants are in foreign countries and half are in the U.S. The company’s logo is a ladybug wearing a set of headphones. As a team, we will be answering a series of questions based on this scenario and our reading of the text, Business Law, the Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce Environment. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2002) Case Scenario: Bug, Inc. 1. Define the different type(s) of legal protections BUG should have for its intellectual property. Explain why these protections are necessary. Patent – Protects Bug, Inc from having other parties copy the design of their electronic devices for 20 years from the date they file a patent application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Copyright – Protects the object codes and source codes of the computer programs created by Bug, Inc., and their employees, that are used in conjunction with their surveillance equipment. Trademark – Protects Bug, Inc’s ladybug logo from being copied by competitors. Trademarks, like patents, must be registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Registration lasts for 10 years rather than 20, but can be renewed for additional 10-year periods. 2. Earlier this year, WIRETAP, Inc., a relatively new company trying to compete with BUG, sent an employee to BUG to get a job. BUG, not realizing Steve was an employee of WIRETAP, hired him to work in its research and development department located in Any State, U.S.A. While working at BUG, Steve forwarded any BUG e-mail he received to WIRETAP. This included e-mail between BUG officers (both domestic and abroad) that Steve intercepted using his hacking ability. At the end of each week, Steve met with his boss at WIRETAP and gave him all the information he obtained about the BUG product lines. Discuss in detail what type(s), if any, of civil liability Steve and/or WIRETAP may face if caught. Steve and WIRETAP may face several types of civil liability to include patent infringement, misappropriation of a trade secret, and interference with prospective advantage. WIRETAP would be liable for patent infringement if they used any information or sold any product that contained elements of a patented invention, which they might have received information on from Steve. They would also be liable if a recently designed or changed product had similar elements to any product that BUG had patented, even if the product was different in design. Since Steve assisted WIRETAP in obtaining information, he could also be liable for contributory infringement, if the information he obtained was used to infringe on the patentee’s rights. Depending on the information received and used by WIRETAP, they might or might not be liable for patent infringement. Though they might not be held liable for patent infringement, they have are at risk of being liable for misappropriation of a trade secret. A trade secret is defined as, â€Å"any secret formula, pattern, process, program, device, method, technique, or compilation of information used in the owner’s business, if it gives its owner an advantage over competitors who do not know it or use it†( ). If the information that WIRETAP received was considered a secret and of potential value, WIRETAP will most likely be held responsible for misappropriation liability. A misappropriation liability occurs when a secret is acquired by  improper means or an individual breached a duty of confidentiality regarding the secret. In Steve’s case, both were committed. First, WIRETAP committed fraud by sending one of their employees to be hired by BUS in order to gain inside access to the company. Secondly, Steve intercepted certain emails by using his hacking ability and broke his confidentiality agreement by giving WIRETAP information that was probably confidential. The last civil liability WIRETAP might face is interference with prospective advantage. Since WIRETAP intentionally interfered by stealing certain information, BUS could argue that they lost an advantage in their industry because of information that was placed into the wrong hands. In order for WIRETAP to be liable, BUS would have to prove that they had an advantage and that the advantage was lost by the illegal actions of one of their competitors. 3.& Walter, a security guard for BUG, learns that Steve really works for WIRETAP. Walter takes Steve to a small soundproof room where he keeps him for six hours. During this time, Walter continues to ask Steve what he is doing at BUG and what information he has given WIRETAP. Walter tells Steve that he will hurt him if he does not tell him everything. Steve finally tells Walter what he wants to know. Walter then lets Steve go home. Has Walter committed any torts? If so, explain. Discuss any liability BUG may have for Walter’s actions. Walter’s actions led to him committing three different torts to include assault, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and false imprisonment. False imprisonment was first committed when Walters kept Steve in a room for six hours in attempt to gain the truth from him. From the scenario described above, one would assume that Steve did not agree to stay confined in a room for an hour but instead, was confined in a room without his consent. Assault occurred when the security guard decided to threaten to hurt Steve unless he told him everything he knew. Though the guard never acted on his threats, Steve feared for his safety, therefore telling Walter everything he wanted to know. By placing Steve in a confined area for several hours and threatening to hurt him, Walters’s outrageous conduct  would have placed emotionally distress on Steve. Since Walters is an employee for BUG, BUG would be liable to pay for any damages that occurred because of the emotional distress that was placed on Steve. The only reason BUG might not be held responsible for the security guard’s actions is if they can prove the he did not act on behalf of the company, therefore making him Walters liable to pay for all damages. 4. BUG has come to you for advice regarding interstate and international e-commerce. BUG wants to sell its products through the Internet. BUG is concerned about privacy, security, infringement issues, email contract validity, and various other things. BUG is also concerned because a company that buys famous and/or company name domain names seems to own the rights to BUG.com. The company is willing to sell the domain name for a high price. Advise BUG on all e-commerce issues that could possibly affect them. Be detailed in your response. It is in the company’s best interest to sell its products online. Although there are many precautions one must take, it is still critical in being competitive in today’s marketplace. BUG must be aware of the various issues engaged in the e-commerce environment. Fraud is a high rise for one and both the company and customers are skeptical regarding making online purchases. BUG should be sure to provide security and privacy, speed in processing transactions, and fulfilling orders. BUG should have a spam free, popup free ecommerce storefront; secure all transactions with the latest SSL security standards; display disclaimer during the checkout process; and keep constant watch on the changes in Internet security provided periodically test. The company should also find an e-commerce solution that allows real time processing and try using proven shipping carriers that reach all locations within the designated time-frame. In addition, BUG may want to try to create its own domain, which will allow more security as well as distance from competitors. By using the same domain as one that had been used, will have only allow more unnecessary visitors at that site which will only add greater risk for fraud activities and security to be tampered with. BUG is to follow all legal laws in all countries affiliated, state economic barriers, and government provisions are to be acknowledged. 5. Shady Town, U.S.A. has been plagued with a recent crime wave. The BUG plant in Shady Town has experienced vandalized vehicles in its parking lot and some second shift employees have been robbed as they walked to their cars at night. BUG receives shipments of parts and other items from vendors at its receiving/shipping dock located at the rear of each plant. The parking lot and dock areas are well lit; however, some lights are now out. While waiting for the dock manager to return from lunch, a vendor was attacked and robbed of his wallet and electronic chips he was delivering. Discuss what, if any, tort liability BUG may have to the vendor and to the BUG employees that were attacked. What defenses may be available to BUG? Explain your answers. 6. The attorneys for BUG have completed their investigation of WIRETAP and its employee, Steve. If they want to bring a successful action against WIRETAP for civil RICO, what do they need to prove? What type(s) of damages could BUG receive? In order to bring a successful suit against WIRETAP, BUG would first have to prove that Steve was acting on the behalf of WIRETAP. Another huge factor, which would play a significant role on the damages BUG could receive, would be the information that Steve gave WIRETAP, and how that information was actually used. If BUG wanted to receive damages for patent infringement, they would need to prove that WIRETAP acquired and used information that was owned by BUG and protected by a patent. The basic damages that could be recovered patent infringement are damages equivalent to the infringement and compensation for court costs and interest. Damages equivalent to the infringement would include at least the determined amount of money the infringer profited for the use made of the invention but damages could include up to three times of those actually suffered. To receive damages for the misappropriation of a trade secret, BUG would have to prove that WIRETAP possessed a trade secret, and it was acquired by improper means, or Steve breached a duty of confidentiality regarding the secret. The damages that BUG could be entitled to include damages related to  the actual loss caused by the misappropriation and any profit received by the defendant from the misappropriation. Depending on the state, BUG could also be awarded punitive damages if the misappropriation is considered malicious. In addition to the damages described above, BUG might be entitled to damages for the interference with a prospective advantage. To receive such damages, they would have to prove that future advantages were lost because of the interference of WIRETAP and the improper use of information received by the company. The damages would then be based on the any future advantage that might have been lost. 7. Sally DoGood, a police officer in Shady Town, was sitting in a police van monitoring wiretaps placed in the Crime Boss hideout. The equipment she was using, which was an older model purchased from BUG, short-circuited and injured Sally. An insulator that could have prevented the possibility of shorts was not included in the original design because of its effect on production costs. The newer models, not yet purchased by the Shady Town Police, have the insulator installed. Sally may have a successful case against BUG for what tort(s)? Explain your answer(s). Sally may have a successful case against BUG for negligence and for causation of personal injury. Negligence can be used because there was intent on the part of BUG to not put in the part that could have prevented the short-circuit and the injury. If the original design had included this part and not been left out due to production costs, it could have saved BUG money in the lawsuit and saved Sally the pain that was caused to her. There also seems to be negligence on the part of the police department. They know the newer models are better and safer, yet they have not purchased them yet. Causation of personal injury exists because she was injured because of the fact that the company, BUG, did not include the piece necessary for the equipment to work properly. Had the insulator been in all of the designs, this injury could have been avoided. It was intentionally left out, and therefore caused personal injury. References: Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment (12th ed.). Jane P. Mallor, A. James Barnes, L. Thomas Bowers, & Arlen W. Langvardt McGraw Hill, 2004 Burr Ridge, IL University of Phoenix Material: Case Scenario: Bug, Inc., Susan Brown Parker. Retrieved from http://www.phoenix.edu Prospective

The Childhood Memory

Childhood is the shortest period but the most significant time in our life. I have got a lot of childhood memories. I think the childhood memory in kindergarten was the most impression memory in my mind. I have never forgotten the first day when I went to the kindergarten. I was 3 years old. My father took me to school. Because my father very strange, I didn’t allow to cry. My grandmother, who had taken care of me from I was born to now, was crying a lot when I went to school in the first day. I went to school. Everything was very strange to me. I didn’t know everybody. Then I saw many children cried. They didn’t want to leave their parent. All of them went to school in the first day like me. When my father left, I didn’t cry. I just stood in one corner and though about my grandmother. I missed her very much. I didn’t want to leave her, but I needed to go to school. Fortunately, the teacher was kind-heated and responsible. They were very friendly. They took care of us extremely well. They didn’t shout to us. One week ago, I had a lot of friend. After a short time, I got used to the atmosphere of the class. We played with toys, learned to sing and dance, role-played different animal character. When I was four, I took part in a theater club. To celebrate the Teacher Day, we decided to have a play. I was a main character in a play. A play was about two bear went through a bridge. I was one of two bear, I was a white bear. A white bear was walking along the bride when a white bear met a black bear. So we stopped and we had a chat. It just was a short play but it made us feel very happy. All the people in my family went to my school to see I acted. They were very proud of me. After finishing the play, all the people in the school ground were congratulate us by clapping hands. It was fascinating. I had never had beautiful experience before. I can’t forget the childhood memory. I love my childhood even though I am grown up. I think that was the most impression experience I have ever had. Up to now, I am very proud of me and feel happy when I remember this experience.

Should drug tests be mandatory for welfare Research Paper

Should drug tests be mandatory for welfare - Research Paper Example In fact, most laws that govern the welfare do not fulfill what their supporters say, and sometimes they may be unconstitutional. The constitution prohibits the government from carrying out unnecessary and unreasonable searches. The constitution also stipulates that all people are innocent until proven guilty. On the contrary, passing such laws that require drug tests for welfare would means that all welfare applicants are guilty, and that they have to prove their innocence. Treating all welfare applicants like criminals, in order for them to qualify for any assistance, is neither ethical nor acceptable (Dilla 586). Is it a crime to be poor and being in need of assistance? It is high time that people came out in large number to protest against laws that make drug test a must for the welfare; such tests only serve to discriminate against the poor. The claim that many drug users goes to welfare to get money to support their illegal habits does not have solid evidence; it is a type of lo ng-standing stereotypes. Researchers have shown that there is no appreciable difference in the rate of illegal-drug use, between recipients of welfare and other people. Besides, the claim that drug testing help save tax dollars does not have any supporting facts. In fact, studies have shown that the costs involved in drug testing exceed any money saved. What really does the law intend to accomplish or fulfill? Drug users will never stop abusing drugs even if they are cut off from public assistance (Lawless & Fox 365). Drug testing for welfare applicants is a way of stigmatizing the needy.... Indeed, it may make some people to stop seeking for such welfare, which they really need for proper maintenance of their children. Why drug tests be made mandatory for welfare applicants, and yet there so many other government programs that do not require drug tests? Several people benefit from such programs without having to go through any drug tests. For instance, retired state workers receive pension, businesspersons get state contracts, and farmers receive crop subsidies, without undergoing any drug tests. If drug tests are to be made mandatory for welfare, then, all applicants of other government programs should undergo through various drugs test (Lawless et al 372). It is not fair at all to only include welfare applicants for drug testing, while excluding the other programs. Drug testing is unreasonable search, and there is no safety reason to be concerned about drug use by welfare applicants or recipients. The supporters of drug test for welfare applicants only target the most vulnerable or needy. Any states that support such tests should enforce better enforcement policies and stricter laws, which apply to the whole population, and not to only the most vulnerable people (Brezina 27). However, enforcement of such laws will be of no great help to the needy. This is because most laws are not about drug use; they aim at solving economical crises or problems. Additionally, may only deny marijuana users’ applicants and applicants on other drugs like meth, coke, and crack. This is because marijuana takes approximately a month to get out of an individual system. Therefore, the aim of such a law will not be met since drug users, with the exception of marijuana users, can

DO you believe the new attendance policy should be adopted Essay

DO you believe the new attendance policy should be adopted - Essay Example The proposed plan of the university of suspending students that are absent more than three times during a course is outrageous and detrimental to the student alumni. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reasons why the three absent policy should not be implemented by the university. Students are the customers of universities since they are the ones paying tuition to keep a university open. University students are spending time and money with a purpose in mind (Nytimes, 2010). If a student is not able to attend class for whatever reason the student realizes that he is hurting his chances to succeed, but the student as the client of the university has the right to be absent. The mandatory nature of this policy discriminates against the students of this university. Sometimes students face personal challenges such as a lack of transportation to reach school which inhibit their abilities to attend to every class. The proposed penalty associated with the three absent system is not fair because many students will become victims of this dictatorship policy. The university must reconsider this policy immediately because not doing so can cause major distress among the students. Psychological distress among students is an undesirable outcome that hurts the learning environment (Nauert, 2010). I am sure that the students of this university will not take this matter lightly. I expect major student revolt at this university because the proposed idea is discriminatory and it violates the rights of the students. The university should not go forward with its plan and should seek alternative solutions to find a more reasonable measure to improve overall attendance at the school. Good leaders identify the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative solution before making a decision (Cliffnotes, 2012). A potential compromise for the university to become stricter with attendance and protect the interest of the students is to create a policy that lowers the grade of

Oracle Database Concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oracle Database Concepts - Assignment Example In invoice table (2NF), item price and item description are dependent on item alone and is independent of the invoice information. Thus invoice table is further reduced to 3NF by moving the independent fields to another table named ITEM as shown below: Thus the final design has 3 tables: CUSTOMER, ITEM, and INVOICE. Customer and Item are related to INVOICE using customer id and item id respectively as foreign keys. The new tables (reduced to 3NF) are shown below: The initial design for storing invoice information had a single table. All the information was stored on the single table. This created a lot of redundancy in the database. For example, if a customer purchases three quantity of 5 items, then the information for the customer has to be repeated for all 15 (3 * 5) rows. This not only creates redundant data but also increases the database size. Further, if the customer information changes, then all the rows have to be updated. This might create a lot of update anomalies. Though this sort of anomalies can be avoided by updating all rows by using customer id in the WHERE clause, there are chances for the presence of huge records for each customer in the invoice table. This may result in heavy updates and lowers the overall efficiency and throughput. After reduction to 2NF, though the data redundancy and update anomaly is eliminated to some extent, it still exists for item information. The information for items like item description and item price is purely dependent on ITEM id and not on invoice. This may again create redundancy and update anomalies. Hence the item information is moved to a new table thereby storing each business entity in separate tables. Thus, the new design that is reduced to 3NF eliminates redundancy and update anomalies and increases the overall efficiency.

The Tesco Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Tesco Management - Essay Example â€Å"Tesco started life in 1919 when Jack Cohen started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. Mr. Cohen recorded a profit of  £1 from total sales of  £4 on his first day.† The brand Tesco first appeared in the year 1924 when Jack Cohen supposedly bought a tea shipment from Mr. T. E Stockwell. The year 1929 marked the opening of a store in North London and the company rapidly developed from there on. The head quarters of the company was first established in North London in the 1930s. In the year 1932 the company became a private limited company, another feather in the cap of Tesco.Expansion of the CompanyThe expansion of the company traces back to the year 1950 when the company quickly bought rival shops so as to expand and compete with other Giants. In another endeavor to do so, the company bought as many as 70 William stores and an unprecedented 200 Harrow stores. 1960s saw a revolution in the supermarket trend, the stores started selling more products in larger shops and Tesco was quick to capitalize on the very same opportunity. In the year 1961, the Guinness book of records acknowledged that Tesco was the largest store in the whole of Europe and more growth followed as the company opened another Superstore in Sussex. â€Å"Supermarkets once and for all changed the way people shopped and by the 1970s Tesco was building a national store network to cover the whole of the UK, which it continues to expand to this day, while also making other products available to its customers.†Ã¢â‚¬  (A History of Tesco) The company recorded annual sale of ?1bn in the year 1979 and the sales doubled by the year 1982. The year 1987 was historical for the company as the company completed a successful takeover of their supermarket rivals Hillards for a whopping ?220m. The term superstore was an alien term but Tesco was the first company to introduce this term, the term referred to two aspects of the company, namely the size of their store and secondly the vast choice of inexpensive food and other items to choose from. The appearance of the stores mattered a lot and in order to ensure that the stores looked great, the company spent massive amount in order to put some daylight between their competitors. The company also took into account the parking space for the customers and ensured that their customers were provided with enough space and a wide range of products to choose from. The company was the first to install enhanced lightning and also widened its aisles. The company extensively worked on providing its customers with fresh food items to choose from. The company stopped depending on the manufacturers by opening a centralized warehouse to cater to the demands of its various stores spread across the whole of Europe. The company teamed up with Marks & Spencer to establish stores in all major cities, in an attempt to do so the company established a 65,000 square foot superstore which

Science Fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science Fiction - Essay Example The man-machine characters and events must blend so that even if either the character or event or both are grotesque they appear credible to the audience. The levels of consciousness and intelligence of the man-machines must also blend with those of the audience. The highlights of this consciousness and intelligence, or the lack of these, must be intelligible to the audience. The action of the man-machines and their characteristics often lead to their ultimate survival or extermination. The man-machine is guided by his extra-ordinary senses, or sometimes lack of sense in certain areas such as inability to hear. In this scheme, the man-machine makes up for the weakness in one area with extra strength in another. This additional strength comes from the machine part of the man comprising chips and boards elevating the man's physical resources manifold and even to timelessness. The man-machine thing has awareness about his environment and when this awareness is interrupted it creates an element of surprise. This leads to examination and analysis. The man-machine does all this. He has tremendous physical strength. He has the capacity to bounce back from destructive encounters. He has the capacity for self-cure and self-rectification. With the advancement of technology, his powers have increased (Neme: Prosthetic Head). The perfection of the human spirit is not in the man-machine. Technology will have to advance much more for this status. The loose ends of the man-machine will be covered up as technology advances. As of now, the process is very long. It consists of perfecting the behavior of man-machine to those of man himself. Knowledge and self-realization will have to be perfected. Frankenstein's monster The... This essay discusses the science fiction, that has led to many inventions and discoveries. Before the advent of rockets, fiction abounded with stories of man firing projectiles. Subsequently, there were stories of man himself flying, either with the help of machines or by his own efforts with prosthetic wings or wings growing out of his body. The mingling of man and machine or the creation of a being, most of the time a malevolent being that was only partly man began with Frankenstein’s monster. The creation of the monster is by far the most intriguing and fascinating expression of the man-machine theme that has seen the character of Frankenstein’s monster adapt and evolve with the advancement of technology. The character of the monster is successfully used before large audiences to project the tendencies and capabilities of science. Firstly, will science accept the theory of the soul and the spirit? There is plenty of debate on this issue. The man-machine has to deal w ith this question to capably solve the riddle of creating a being that is equivalent to a machine with living emotions. Or will it be possible to create a man-machine with intelligence and information that can be equivalent to the dogma of emotions? Once man has created a machine with enough intelligent and information inputs to correspond to human emotions, he will have crossed the bridge to accept and discuss machines as living beings. Then he will have created a machine that is as alive and tangible as human beings.

The Marginalists Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Marginalists - Term Paper Example This means that excess demand or supply in one market would be offset by another in a different market. The same phenomenon holds for the state of disequilibrium such that all markets exist at disequilibrium simultaneously. In his approach of returns to scale, Marshall noted that a firm’s productivity increase more proportionately in the short run. This occurs because of effects of specialization of labor and existence of fixed costs. In the long run, a firm experiences a proportionate increase in productivity since the fixed costs are exhausted and that the firm can no longer benefit from specialization (Canterbery 135). It is vital to note that when a firm is harnessing economies of scale, it reaches its minimum effect scale at a level that other firms cannot harness over a short period thereby causing monopoly. Clark’s arguments rest on the productive capacity of the last unit of capital. In this sense, heterogonous capital goods have a form as homogenous goods (Canterbery 127). The productivity of the last homogenous quantity determines the profit. This differed from the Karl’s view of heterogonous goods as determination of profits. The criticism of this theory regards the fact that Clark present production units as abstract concepts that do not unify to influence

Total Quality Management of Toyota Motor Company Assignment

Total Quality Management of Toyota Motor Company - Assignment Example The firm observed in the study is Toyota Motor Company, based in United States of America, as the world’s largest automobile company involved in design and manufacture of different kinds of luxury and sports vehicles. Some of the best-known models the company manufactures include SUVs, trucks, minivans, and buses. In some cases, the company’s vehicles are produced either with combustion or hybrid engines, for instance, in the case of Prius. At the same time, Toyota Motor Company has some selected subsidiaries such as Daihatsu Motor, which is involved in production of mini-vehicles, and Hino Motors involved in production of trucks and buses. Moreover, apart from producing vehicles, the company is involved in production of automotive parts, which it uses and sells some. Today, Toyota Motor Company prides in having some of word’s credited models that include Camry, Corolla, Land Cruiser, Tundra truck and Lexus. Toyota Motors sells its products to diverse groups of c ustomers. The customer base is found in USA, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In North America, Toyota Motors has established strong markets. Customers for the company are spoilt for choice, since the company produces numerous types and diverse range of vehicles for all consumers in the society. As a result, the company prides in having vehicles such as large trucks that include Tundra in the American market. At the same time, the company has beefed up efforts to produce hybrid vehicles such as the Prius, Camry Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, and Lexus in the American market. ... At the same time, the company has beefed up efforts to produce hybrid vehicles such as the Prius, Camry Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, and Lexus in the American market. At the moment, Toyota Motors is regarded to sell more hybrid vehicles in USA than any other manufacturer (Toyota Motors Company, N.d). Order qualifiers and orders winners In order for organizations to be successful, it has to identify what exactly customers desire or want and identify ways and means to satisfy them. Organizations therefore have duty or responsibility to identify those factors that are likely to influence customer decisions of buying a particular product or service (Khanna, 2007). In this regard, it is important for organizations to identify order qualifiers and order winners. Order qualifiers are seen as those elements that manufacturers provide, which in turn determine the purchasing behavior of customers. Order Qualifiers are perceived to be aspects of competitiveness where the overall operation perform ance is expected to be above particular level in order to be considered by the customer (Khanna, 2007). Subsequently, order qualifiers are not regarded as major competitive determinants of success, but, in one way or the other, contribute to improvement in performance of the company. On the other hand, order winner constitute features that influence the final buying decision of customers. Order winners are seen as those aspects, which directly and in significant way contribute to the success of the business organization. As a result, order-winning elements are the critical or vital reasons why a customer makes a particular purchase of product or service. In this manner, it is likely that when performance in an order-winning factor is raised, the

International Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

International Banking - Essay Example Studying the prospects and challenges for Islamic banking could reveal useful lessons for a reorientation of Western conventional banking. A key feature of the conventional banking system as practiced today is that it is based on interest. This is an amount of money that is paid on deposits at banks and levied on the loans they provide. This system is designed to benefit money lenders whereas borrowers are made to bear the risks entirely. Consequently, this system facilitates exploitation and many borrowers become burdened by rising values of their debts. Occasionally the problems become so extensive that financial crises occur. The Islamic financial system is characterized by the strict prohibition of riba, which is the charging, paying and receiving of interest on money loaned. The Quranic injunction is in chapter 2, verse 275, which states, â€Å"Allah has allowed the sale and has prohibited interest†. The prohibition extends to both the lending and taking of money involving interest or partaking in any other way in an interest based transaction. The justification is that the charging of interest results in an imbalance and it therefore promotes exploitation whereas the Islamic system is designed to ensure balance, fairness and justice (‘adl) in all financial dealings. Actually, Islamic finance is not unique in its prohibition of interest but it has perhaps developed the most sophisticated system to help implement interest-free banking. As Lewis (2007) noted, usury was prohibited in all the major religions but people then made it acceptable. For example, it is also prohibited in Exodus (22:2 5). In addition, the shariah (Islamic law) advises to avoid gharar (uncertainty), qimar (speculation) and greed. In short, shariah compliant financial products and services do not involve any interest and speculation and uncertainty is minimised as far as possible. Instead, the Islamic system of finance is based on the principle of shirakah, which

Otto Von Bismarck Essay Example for Free

Otto Von Bismarck Essay Otto Von Bismarck was made Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Prussia by I in 1862. He stayed in power until 1890. His conduct of foreign policy between 1862 and 1871 is one of the most fascinating and complex parts of the nineteenth century. It ended with the unification of Germany on 18th January 1871, under Prussian dominance, with King William of Prussia being coroneted as Kaiser in Versailles. The German unification is possibly the most important and significant events in history, as it has had so many effects and consequences across the whole world, and still does to this day. One of the most widely debated topics of the nineteenth century is to what extent is Bismarck responsible for the unification. Basically, was Bismarck’s foreign policy more about conscious design, or a policy by default largely determined by other key personalities and events? Some people try and say that Bismarck was always heading towards German unification, and that he had been planning how to get there all along; but actually, Bismarck hardly planned a thing – he instead was just very good at taking things as they came. His main aim was to strengthen Prussia, and make it into a stronger country. An example of how Bismarck did not plan what he did is how he came to power. He was not elected, so he was not planning ways in which to gain votes etc. ; instead, he was suddenly catapulted from being ambassador to St. Petersburg, and then Paris, to being chancellor of Prussia. Bismarck was also known for his personality. It was this that initially got him to where he was. He was nicknamed ‘The Iron Chancellor†, and he fitted this name very well. In 1862, when William was refused money by liberals to pay for his army, he threatened to abdicate, but was persuaded to elect Bismarck as chancellor instead. Everybody who knew Bismarck knew him as being wild, and a bully, a conservative, an army man, and as being a ‘Machiavellian’. He was cunning, scheming, unscrupulous, vicious, manipulative, calculating, brutal, and devious, and also very good at improvising. It was these things that William liked about him, and Williams’s expectations of Bismarck were achieved. Immediately after being put in office, Bismarck suspended the constitution and gave the army the money it needed. Now he was in control of Prussia as it was maturing and reaching power. Another event that shows how Bismarck did not plan things is the Danish Crisis in Schleswig and Holstein in 1864. Some people say that Bismarck planned this, and did it to get Austria involved, and to be nice to her by giving her some land, but which he could take at any time as it was next to Prussia, and cause up rise. In reality, Denmark unexpectedly attempted to annex Schleswig and Holstein, and Bismarck just saw a chance to gain some land, respect, popularity, and a small advantage over Austria; he did not previously plan any of this, he just ‘played the cards he was dealt well’ e. g. e ended up doing it with Austria – this made him look good in front of everyone else, and also lulled Austria into a false sense of security. This was a first step towards Bismarck thinking cleverly about how he could get an upper hand over Austria. Although Bismarck did not necessarily plan all of the things that he did, he was very good at playing what came along well, and thinking about all of the consequences of his actions, and how he could use what he had to his best advantage; because of this, he was a great man who was clever and quick thinking, so we have not at all been deceived about him. It has often been said that Bismarck never meant for what most of what he did to happen, and that what he did was just mainly luck e. g. there was an extraordinary interlude of calmness during his time. This meant that he was able to many things that he should not have been able to do without risking international intervention. Britain is a good example of this international calmness. We were far more concerned with looking after ourselves, and keeping our empire strong and wealthy, than in events in Europe. The one thing that we did have a view on, and it was a strong view, was that we hated France, and this ended up being good for Bismarck anyway. Austria and France were also calm when Bismarck needed them to be – after Austria lost the war, it took her a reasonable amount of time to recover, and Bismarck used this time wisely; France had previously been hammered during Napoleon Bonaparte’s conquest of Europe, and was hated by many, and so was lying low for some time, and again, Bismarck used this greatly to his advantage. A handful people believe that Bismarck’s legacy is too big for his own good. As some people say that he caused German unification single-handedly, because this was a huge event which had enormous consequences and effects, people automatically think of Bismarck as being a greater and better person than he actually was, and that he shifted history his way more than he actually did. But, without Bismarck, luck and other things would not have been a big enough factor to cause German unification, and so he was needed, and he was a great man. Bismarck is said to have unified Germany, but there are several other people who contributed to it more than people think, who are often forgotten about, and not so well known. One of these people is Napoleon III of France. Napoleon III was a very weak, feeble, useless and pathetic ruler. When he was anxious to gain compensation and maintain France’s role as a great power, he was looking at Bismarck and Prussia for anything to grab onto and attack, but Bismarck gave him nothing to react to. This just angered Napoleon even more, and made it easy for Bismarck to use Napoleon when he wanted. Napoleon was such a weak and terrible ruler, that he automatically gave Bismarck an advantage, as Bismarck could easily control Napoleon, and trick him into doing things that he did not realize the consequences of. Bismarck very easily irritated Napoleon on purpose, but he did not go too far e. g. the Hohenzollem candidature, where Bismarck tried to put a Prussian prince in the Spanish throne. This would mean that Prussia would have a massive advantage, as France would be surrounded by Prussia, and could even face fighting on two fronts. Obviously Napoleon was furious when he heard about this, but Bismarck quickly withdrew the candidature, meaning that Napoleon did not act at all, and Bismarck looked good, as he had withdrawn it ‘to be nice to France’. Napoleon did not see what was happening, which meant that Bismarck could do almost what he wanted around him. Ludwig of Bavaria was an obstacle to Bismarck. He led the biggest German state (apart from Prussia). When Bismarck was making all of the head of the states agree to letting, acknowledging, and going to William’s coronation of becoming Kaiser of Germany, Ludwig was the only person to refuse, but Bismarck easily got around this problem by coming to an agreement with Ludwig, which was that Ludwig would accept the demands if Bismarck let him keep his ornate postboxes. This was a major victory for Bismarck, as it was the end of the very old state of Bavaria, which had lots of history, and patriotism, and was at one point a very strong power. Bismarck was controlled and told what to do mainly by William and also by the conservatives and the middle class taxpayers. William especially had absolute control over Bismarck. He had promoted him to chancellor. Prussia’s General (Moltke) was also very important. He was a superb General, and led Prussia’s army very well to its victories. Bismarck was not a military leader, and without Moltke could possibly not have done nearly as well as he did. Russia was massively important. She did not intervene during Prussia’s wars against Denmark and Austria in 1864 and 1866. If she had, Prussia would have probably lost, leading to a whole different outcome; the war with Austria led to the North German Confederation in 1867. Russia never once stopped the new central power from emerging, even though it was given plenty of opportunities. This may have been because of the Tsar. He always blamed Austria for his father’s death, and so refused to help her. Bismarck was helped on several occasions by certain countries not intervening in 1870 with the war with France, Britain did not intervene as she still hated France, neither would Italy, as she owed her acquisition of Venetia to Prussia’s victory over Austria in 1866 and also wanted to get the French out of Rome; and Austria was still recovering, and was held back by Russia, who threatened to send in 300,000 men if she got involved. This meant that Bismarck did not need to be scared of fighting on two fronts at all. Also, without the realignment of the great powers that resulted from the Crimean War, German Unification would probably not have happened. Bismarck himself even said: â€Å"It all began with the Crimean War†. Although all of these people and events were important, Bismarck was the fundamental key to the unification. Without him, it would not have happened, so we have not at all been deceived – he was a great man who was the key to the German Unification. When Bismarck came to power, Prussia was coming to its peak in almost every way. She had a brilliant General (Moltke), she was industrializing she had amazing railways and weapons and she had a thriving economy. Another help to Bismarck was the fact that Prussia was physically a large state. Some people believe that Bismarck did not need to do much, and he just did well, as it was a coincidence that he was in the right place at the right time. But, although Prussia was doing well at Bismarck’s time, it needed Bismarck to bring it all together, and make it happen! Many people say that German unification was inevitable, and would have happened even if Bismarck had never lived, because of certain preconditions. For example: nationalism had been growing for many years. This can be shown in the 1848 revolutions; also, it still kept on growing after the revolutions. Nationalism was now a talked about thing – people had written about it, and apart from the monarchs etc. who too were scared of it, people were discussing it among themselves. Also, gradually over the last few decades, there had been becoming less and less German states. Originally there were more than a hundred very small states, similar to the size of a large estate, or maybe a small county today; but as stronger states had engulfed other weaker states, fewer and larger states emerged. By the time Bismarck was around, there was not much more than twenty states. This gradual reduces in the number of states shows that eventually, there would have been a German unification without Bismarck anyway – he just sped the process up. The 1848 revolutions also showed that there was a want for change already there with the people, even before Bismarck, and so again, there would have been German unification without him. Another thing that shows that there would have been German unification without Bismarck anyway is that the Hapsburg Empire had slowly been on its downfall for many years, starting well before Bismarck’s time. At the height of its power, the Hapsburg Empire was enormous, and extremely powerful and very autocratic, but it had slowly been becoming less and less of a major power, and other countries were beginning to be able to almost rival it. Many people also say that the struggle between the German states and the struggle between Prussia and Austria had to be settled some time, and this would have happened regardless of whether Bismarck was there or not. By the time Bismarck came to power, there was as well a want for unification already there, which some say would have caused it anyway if Bismarck had not been there (liberals had wanted unification for a long time, but now there were also others who wanted it, like some of the working class, and some of the middle class – also, there were many who did not think about unification, but would have probably supported it if they could more easily). Also, in 1866, the southern states were becoming increasingly hostile to Prussia, and the other northern states. A war to resolve the hostility between France and Prussia, and to force the southern states into joining the North German Confederation seemed likely in 1869. This showed that even if Bismarck had not been there, then there would have been the unification anyway. People say that these points show that it was not Bismarck who caused the unification, but it was in fact going to happen anyway; but actually, it was Bismarck who brought all of these separate points together to make the unification happen. Without him these points would not have led to it, they need Bismarck! He brought these points together, and therefore it was Bismarck who made it possible. So we have not been deceived, as Bismarck was a great man, who shifted these points his way, leading to unification. Bismarck was a great man, and he had a great personality, and was always willing to do things. Bismarck was a great Machiavellian. He was brilliantly sly and cunning, and his truth was flexible. He was happy to put down anyone he needed to, even his friends. He always desired a stronger Prussia, and it was this desire that led to him unifying the German states. He was fundamentally a conservative, but he cleverly managed to get all different sorts of people to like him, and to be on his side – even many of the liberals. He was very gifted at making people believe something he wanted them to believe, or do what he wanted them to do e. g. he got William to agree to becoming the Kaiser, as he got all of the rulers of the other states to give him the crown. Bismarck was also very good at knowing when to stop – he would irritate someone a lot, but stop just before they exploded. He did this with Napoleon III. Bismarck also never took any risks that were too big. He always knew what he was doing, even though it often looked the opposite. He would only proceed with something if he was satisfied with his chance of success. This was his key strength – he was an unbelievable decision-maker. This meant that he was also very good at ‘playing things by ear’, which meant that he never had to plan things too far in advance, and he was very good at putting himself into other people’s shoes, and seeing what the consequences of all of his decisions could be. Bismarck was also very strong willed. He always did what he wanted, and never stopped or hesitated for anything. He was like a steam train going full speed, and having to make hundreds of decisions of what path to take – he was unstoppable. Proof of this is that when he came to power, the majority of people did not want unification, but he still managed to make it happen. William was also nearly useless without Bismarck. He was too weak and slow. Bismarck was a great man, and he certainly did shift history his way when he wanted to.

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope Faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see. This is a big part of believing in God and even life itself. We have faith in everything from a car not stopping in the middle of the interstate, to the roof on are house not toppling down on us as were sitting on our couch. We dont personally go and check every bolt and screw on an airplane before we let a stranger fly us through the air. This is because we have great faith in the airplane and the pilot. To have faith in God isnt a reward we are given by how much time we read the Bible or by how much we go to church. Faith is a gift from God. We are given faith by believing that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God. Without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him.(Hebrew 11:6) To have faith we also have to obey God. Our inner attitude does not define faith alone. (James 2:17) In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. (James 2:19-24) You believe that there is one God. Good! Even the demons believe that- and shudder. You foolish man, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is useless? Was not our ancestor Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the alter? And the scripture was fulfilled that says, Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness, and he was called Gods friend. You see that a person is justified by what he does and not by faith alone. A person is justified by deeds only by man; because man cannot see our faith. Our faith is justified by God. Our deeds do not save us, but they are the evidence to our saving faith. If we could save ourselves by deeds, Jesus has not done any help for us. Faith saves us and faith alone. (Ephesians 2:1-2) For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith-and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God-not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are Gods workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. The disciples had great faith and sometimes we desire to have faith like them. Since we have not seen Jesus and still believe we have greater faith. Because you have seen me you have believed, blessed are those who have not yet seen but still believe. (John 20: 29) People that have seen Jesus and believe will not be punished, but that the people that have not seen Jesus and still believe are blessed. By having faith and believing in God we will have everlasting life. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.(John 20:31) HOW TO GET FAITH? To get faith we have to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and we will get the gift of faith and have life in his name. Faith can also come through the message through the word of Christ. (Romans 10:17) Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ. Sometimes we will have a problem believing that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God and that he died on the cross for our sins. We should then, fill are selves with Gods word and meditate it with our heart. To do this we should read the Bible. We will soon realize that Jesus is the way the truth and the life.(John 14:6) Once we become a Christian and have great faith, we can compare our life to what it used to be without God and we can see that the struggles were harder when we did not have God leading us through them. We know that our faith will not always stay at the same level. (2 Thessalonians 1:3) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.because your faith is growing more and moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We can pray, study the Bible, go to church, and serve God. These things will not give us faith, but they can help us grow in our faith. We should always continue to praise the lord as a sacrifice! (Hebrews 13:15) We should continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise. This will also help us grow in Faith. Sometimes we get caught spending all of our time shopping, cooking, and even work. This will consume all of our thoughts and God will be slowly pushed out of our lives, then when we have a problem we will go to God and use him to help us with our problems but we will never think to give thanks to him. You should spend most of your time reading the bible, praying to God, and thanking him for everything he has given us. Jesus died on the cross for us and has given us some very great things; the least we could do is thank him for the stuff he has given us and praise him with all we have. If we have done some really bad things in our life and dont think that God would ever forgive us or even love us anymore, think again! God will always love us and forgive us, no matter what we have done. We could be the ones not honoring our mother and father or have even murdered someone, but they are both sins, both having consequences. Everybody sins and if we just ask for forgiveness and believe, we will have everlasting life and your journey with the Lord will continue in the right direction. When we accept God into your heart, our life will not be perfect. It does have great things that come with it though! If we have struggles in our life that you think will never go away, we can pray to God and he will help us through it. When a problem comes up and we have nothing left, we can always count on God to be there for us! God is the one that we will always need and the one that will always love us! To know God will always forgive and love us, should give us the courage to love and forgive our enemies. If we are striving to go in the right direction and want to live our life praising, and serving God, the door will always be open. To ask Jesus Christ to be in our life is easy but it will be the biggest decision we will make in our whole entire life. God has led me to do many things that will help his kingdom grow and they were things I never thought of doing, but through faith I did it and I was rewarded. Faith is a big thing in everyones life, I encourage everyone to go out and do the thing that God is calling you to do. This thing might be very hard to understand or you might not trust that he will get you through it but God has a plan for us and he will guide us through it and reward us for what we have done. We need to use faith and trust in God as we take these steps into the right journey. DOUBTS Doubts are when we are skeptical about something or have undecided feelings. Doubts can come running in our life at a bolting speed, and will compete with everything for are attention. Sometimes we can be drowning in doubt until something reassures us of our faith. (Proverbs 3:5) Trust in the lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make your paths straight. If we are a true Christians and human beings, we will experience doubts. We have not seen Jesus therefore we will have doubt. There will be a point when we hit something that will make us decide between faith and doubt. This will help us grow in Faith. In the Bible there were people that had not believed in Jesus until they had seen him. Thomas did not believe the other eleven disciples when they had said (John 20:25, 27) we have seen the Lord. Thomas said Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it. Jesus then came in through the locked doors and said Peace be with you! Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe. Doubts arent always a bad thing though. Doubts can help guide us through our journey with God. When we have doubts we might not think that we will still have everlasting life in Heaven, but doubts can help us have greater faith in the long run. When we doubt we will ask more questions to find out everything we want to know. We will learn why God is the answer and why the other theories have no way of being possible. We will also start reading the Bible more and going to church more so we reassure are faith. Doubts dont mean youre not a Christian or that you dont have faith, it just means that you doubt because we believe in God and he is unseen! Doubts are normal in life. Its hard to build so much faith up of something that we have not seen and not knowing if its going to be true until we see it, but we need to believe and trust in the lord. Have you ever got caught thinking Maybe God isnt real. Or maybe Is it to good to be true? or How could God have done this? But the truth it is a great thing that God made this Universe. If we think about it God Is REAL because who could have made this Earth? Who could have made us? It had to be someone so great just like God. Sometimes we even doubt because we have prayed and what we prayed did not go are way or we got hurt by a loved one dying. God disciplines us because he treats us as sons- everyone has had discipline. God disciplines us for our good, it is painful at the time but later you have a harvest of righteousness and peace for us if we are trained by it. (Hebrews 12:7-13) Endure hardship as discipline; God is treating you as sons. For what son is not disciplined by his father? If you are not disciplined (and everyone undergoes discipline), then you are illegitimate children and not true sons. Moreover, we have all had human fathers who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we submit to the Father of our spirits and live! Our fathers disciplined us for a little while as they thought best; but God disciplines us for our good, that we may share in his holiness no discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousne ss and peace for those who have been trained by it. Therefore, strengthen your feeble arms and weak knees. Make level paths for your feet so that the lame may not be disabled. Sometimes we will pray to God, testing him so that we can believe. We will tell him God if you let me get a job promotion or get on the high school basketball team the next day then I will believe. When that doesnt happen it does not mean God is not real or doesnt answer prayers, it just means that we want the job promotion or the high school basketball team more than we would love to believe in God. God is not a person that will hand us things when we so desire, but does answer our prayers. (Jeremiah 33:3) Call to me and I will answer you and tell you great and unsearchable things you do not know.He also promises to answer are prayers. (Isaiah 65:24) Before they call I will answer; while they are still speaking I will hear. Once we see beyond the image of God giving us what we wish for, his word promises we have confidence that we will receive anything we ask for. (1 John 3:21-22) Dear friends, if our hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence before God and receive from him anyth ing we ask, because we obey his commands and do what pleases him. God is not a force that is just someplace. God is everywhere and he is a God that is personal with us and he is the spirit. He cares for us and he knows us all and even the number of hairs on our heads. (Luke 12:7) Indeed, the very hairs of your head are all numbered. It is easier to realize that God is real when you know that he is not a fairytale or a force; he is the spirit. THE END Life is an experience of living. We have two lives. One is where we are born from a human being on Earth and the other is when we die we will be born again and we will be sent to Heaven to be with God. Here on Earth we have troubles mentally, physically, spiritually, and many other ways, but in Heaven it is perfect. (Revelation 4:1-3) Heaven is where God lives. It is where God is on his throne and is the full and complete expression of Gods kingship. Heaven has no pain, sorrow, deaths, crying, or sadness. In the Bible there is not a lot of information on Heaven is going to look or be, we just know that it will be a perfect place! We can only imagine what Heaven will be like, but God has way better plans then we could ever come up with, or even imagine. If we saw a mansion we would deliberate that the houses in Heaven will be three times as big, but that is not what they will be like because it would not be superior enough. Heaven is a reward for those who overcome everything in the life we are living. (Revelation 3:21) Heaven offers rewards for those who overcome in this life. To get to Heaven we dont just live life, we have to believe in God as were living! (John 3:16) For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have everlasting life. One of the many immense things about Heaven is there is never a time when God runs out of rooms. (John 14:2) In my Fathers house are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have told you. God does not send only the best people, that have greater faith, or the ones that have done better things, he will send everyone to Heaven that believes in him.

The Process Of Space Travel Philosophy Essay

The Process Of Space Travel Philosophy Essay Firstly I think space travel is worth the time and money because with space travel we can learn more about space and whats up there. Also with more knowledge of space we can use it to our advantage. Space travel could be dangerous but it is worth knowing some knowledge about it to know if something dangerous like a comet is coming. It could also help for us to know more about the moon and the stars. Secondly here are some things we could do in space thats if were able to go back up there are learn more about the planets and what each one holds. All of the planets are in many different shapes and sizes. Like Mars for instance scientists say that it is the closest planet similar to earth. It has water just like earth does but doesnt have enough oxygen on it for people to live on. But scientists also say that if they could get plant life on Mars that eventually people would be able to live on Mars. For now since people cant live on mars they put robots on the planet to gain information about the planet. Unlike humans robots can stay on the planet for a lot longer and get hard to reach areas on the planet that humans cant reach. One thing that a human could do on the planet that wouldnt require robots help would be collecting data. A human could collect samples of the planet as well getting the water percentage of the planet. Thirdly before I start talking about the costs of space travel I will talk about some of the things you do while going into a space shuttle. When you walk in the shuttle you have to take off your shoes and you are given a special pair of isolation chamber slippers. After the shoes you are given a light blue vinyl imprinted with the Japan Aerospace exploration logo on it (JAXA). Next is the isolation chamber, a freestanding structure inside building C-5 at JAXAs headquarters in Tsukuba Science City. If you make it to this chamber you are a top ten finalist for two openings in the Japanese astronaut corps. The people in this room are monitored by the JAXA members as well as psychiatrists to see their behaviors in the room. These are some of the things done when in a space shuttle. If the astronauts were able to use the water on mars they could probably stay up in space a lot longer without going back to earth for supplies. How exactly expensive is space travel? Well space travel can cost up to half a billion dollars per space launch. Even with that cost per launch it is still worth it to go to space to find all the undiscovered things up there. Like I said before with the water if they could find a way to stay in space longer it would cut a lot of the costs because you wouldnt have to make as many trips back and forth. Space travel is important because it can let us know if anything deadly is coming. Or it could help us learn more of when the sun is going to burn out. If the sun burns out us humans will only be able to live for a couple of days before freezing to death. As I said before NASA also wants to be able to put people in space because of over population. Just think in space there is no limit of capacity it can hold, so therefore you could fit everyone up there without a problem. Some scientists were wondering that if you went up in space could it actually blow your mind? Well reports from the 1957 issue of Aviation Medicine 35 percent of 137 pilots interviewed said they had a strange feeling on the way up. Some of the astronauts said they felt closer to god or they had broken bonds with the terrestrial sphere. This blowing of the mind theory is also known as the breaking away theory. David Simons from NASA compared the breaking away phenomenon to the deadly raptures of the deep. The rapture of the deep is a medical condition where a diver feels calm and at peace when 100 feet below water. This term is also known as nitrogen narcosis. Simons also said that one day this could be an astronaut going into space with this happening. Some astronauts said that even looking down at the earth spinning fast and the shuttle moving from earth so fast gives them space euphoria, which has the same meaning as the blowing of the mind theory. Some of the psychologists were nervous about the first two space walkers because they got nervous leaving the space shuttle and this made them want to go back to the space shuttle. But in most cases the astronauts were not nervous when they went out of the space shuttle without any problems. Crash simulation is a world made up of metal and men. The place that the simulator is located is at Ohios transportation research center. In the research center there is a crash sled with a track going down the middle of it. The room has a bunch of engineers in it with safety goggles on. In the room there are a bunch of orange and yellow hazard lights along with the cadaver. The cadavers are dressed just like a living person would dress but only there dead. In a couple of hours the cadaver will be hit with a piston that will be shot with pressurized air at the seat he is sitting at. The seat is designed to create any type of crash scenario that you need to be performed. If you need to do a scenario where a car travels 65 mph into a wall you can do that. Or you can even do a scenario where the cars are crashing into each other. In a space shuttle it is a little different than normal car crash testing because almost all space landings are kind of like crash test when it has to do with space. Next is the Gemini VII launched on December 4, 1965 it was a trip to the moon. The only thing different was that this time it was a round trip to the moon a mission that takes two weeks. This would be tough for the astronauts because they have never spent that much time in zero gravity, the old time was only 8 days compared to this ones 12. Just to see if they could stay up in space that long they had a rehearsal where the astronauts would stay on earth but would be in a space shuttle for two weeks to see if the astronauts would be able to handle it. If they could handle it then they would be sent up into space for the two weeks to the study the moon. The Nazis built the worlds first rocket; it was designed to deliver without leaving their home. The rocket that the Nazis built was called the V-2. The Nazis put their first strike with it on London. But anyways Dr. James henry asked David Simons a scientist if people would ever go into space and that thats when Simons said yes and then Henry asked about a monkey going into space and Simon said well when do we start. The only problem was that hey were worried that terrible things would happen to the monkey if he was launched into space. So they said the only way to know for sure was to send a simulated pilot up there so he could launch the animal in the nose of the fast V-2 rocket. But In 1948 Albert a nine-pound monkey was the first living creature to be launched into space. In Conclusion I have told you why space travel is important and if its worth it, I have also talked about mars and many other space experiments. Going into space is a very important thing because it helps us know more about what exactly space is and how it was formed. Without space travel we wouldnt have learned about gravity, the moon, or even the planets. So you see we do need space travel and we need to continue going up into space to learn new things and discover new things. Space travel might also be expensive but in the long run the money is worth it. As I said before the earth is becoming over populated and eventually we might not have any room left. So if we could put humans in space there would be no limit on how many people it could fit. Im also going to say that without space travel we might not be where were at today. These are just some of the many things on why space travel is important and why need it for a better future. Personal Review I thought packing for mars was a pretty interesting book. I thought it was going to be another boring space book but it turned out that the book wasnt so bad. I thought it was pretty neat how they have to package the food in special sealed bags so that when it gets to space it doesnt go all over the place. One thing that I didnt like about the book was that it didnt talk about going to mars all that much. One thing that was interesting but gross was the vomiting in the space helmets. Roach talked about how threatening it could be if a person were to throw up in their space helmet and I thought that was just gross. As I said before the book turned out not to be too bad.

Animal Testing (speech Outline) -- essays research papers fc

Specific Purpose – To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. Central Idea – By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals will not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. Introduction I. Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. A. What was once cute and furry but becomes a bloody rotted mess? B. You guys give up? C. Well the answer to this question is an animal that has undergone chemical testing. II. I know that wasn’t too funny but I needed some sort of attention-grabber and this hit home on the question of my topic; whether animal testing is right or wrong. A. After all, the question whether animals should be tested is often hotly debated. B. Through intense research I have discovered that the issue on whether animals should be experimented upon, or â€Å"vivisection†, has cropped up in history as early as the 17th century. III. Although animal testing is much less frequent today than in the past, I will reinforce the idea that alternatives to animal testing should be preserved today. A. I will first explain the conflicts in the past where animal testing caused many problems. B. Then I will reinforce the solution to animal testing by discussing the various alternatives that can be taken. (Transition: Let us first look at the problem of animal testing.) Body I. As I have mentioned, the question on animal testing was posed even as early as the 17th century, according to the All For Animals Newsletter. A. According to this newsletter, Philosopher Jeremy Bentham rejected philosopher Rene Descartes’ theory that because animals have no reasoning that humans have, they therefore cannot feel pain or suffering. 1. But Bentham went further in this issue, rejecting Descartes’ idea because the idea of reasoning was irrelevant on the moral issue whether animals should be tested. 2. Bentham’s philo... ... be tested upon by dangerous chemicals? Bibliography Smith, Taylor. â€Å"Animal Testing - Alternatives - Cruelty-Free Living.† All For Animals Newsletter. Issue #1, March 1998. Grigg, Bill. â€Å"NIH News Release.† 28 Dec. 1999 [last revision]. < <a href="http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/dec99/niehs-28.htm">http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/dec99/niehs-28.htm > 1999. Adams, Johnathan. â€Å"Animal Welfare Act and Regulations.† August 22, 2000 [last update] < <a href="http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/legislat/usdaleg1.htm">http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/legislat/usdaleg1.htm > 1996. â€Å"USDA Agrees to Regulate More Research Animals, Including Mice.† October 3, 2000 [last update] < <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/10/03/research.animals.ap/index.html">http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/10/03/research.animals.ap/index.html > 1990. â€Å"Cruelty Free Companies—Choose to Be Cruelty-Free†. < <a href="http://www.allforanimals.com">http://www.allforanimals.com > 2000. â€Å"ANIMAL TESTING†. May 12, 1999 [last update]. < <a href="http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/cos-205.html">http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/cos-205.html > 1996.

Staying Dry on Game Day :: Descriptive Essay Examples, narrative

Staying Dry on Game Day I wandered aimlessly through the bowels of the structure trying to uncover an unsuspecting vendor selling some protection from the rain. The only thing I discovered was one small booth with nothing to sell. As I approached, several other people followed my lead. I walked up and asked where I could find a poncho to beat the relentless elements outside. The bearded hippo rose up from his resting state and sharply answered my question telling me that a box would be arriving here at any time. Resisting the temptation to depress my partially thawed fist into his crumb laden, burly face, I calmly waited in line with others. As I waited for a supposed shipment, the sweet odor of fresh baked bread drifted past my nose. I had no idea where they were coming from until I turned around and saw a man in a burgundy apron removing hot dogs buns from three bags and placing the buns in the display window of his booth. While the thought of a nice warm, processed meat tube seemed oddly inviting , my focus moved toward something else. Standing there, still dripping from the rain outside, I was beginning to grow impatient about the ponchos. At that moment, a newly defrosted neuron fired. My intuition went in to full gear. I thought if I couldn’t buy something to protect myself from the rain, I would just make one myself. Diving at the trash can, I drove my hand down into the dark abyss of the stationary canister. My hand searched for the right texture of what I desired. After rummaging through what felt like an empty pop can and some napkins, my hands flew out of the trash can to reveal to my eyes the fruit of my labor. I was now the new facilitator of three, freshly discarded hot dog bun bags. With the loot in hand, I made a mad dash for a quiet area in the corridor. Like a robber trying to mask their identity, I proceeded to punch the bottoms out of two bags. The other bag I sat aside for the moment. I took the two mutilated pieces of plastic and pulled them over my boots and up on my thighs which were mostly dry by now.

Use of the Atomic Bomb Against Japan was Justified Essay -- Argumentat

Use of the Atomic Bomb Against Japan was Justified The use of the atomic bomb against Japan was completely justified in both cause and impact. An intense weapon was necessary to force a quick Japanese surrender. The bomb saved thousands upon thousands of American and Japanese lives that would have been lost if the war continued or an invasion occurred. The bomb was the only way to end the suffering of the millions who were being held captive by the Japanese oppressor. The weapon of mass destruction also sent a powerful message to the shaky Soviet allies. The choice to use the atomic bomb was justified because it compelled a Japanese surrender, saved countless lives, served as retribution for the sufferings of many people, and acted as an anti-Soviet deterrent. An intense weapon was necessary to coerce a quick Japanese surrender. The Japanese showed no signs of forming any kind of peace agreement in the near future. On a random bomb raid in 1945, 100,000 people were killed in Tokyo in one night, and it appeared to have no impact on their will to fight. Japan would only engage in the vaguest of talks. They were scheduled to have a meeting with the Soviets (before the bombs were dropped) for a negotiated settlement, not the unconditional surrender that the United States and Britain wanted. Japan was unwilling to surrender and ready to wage a suicidal resistance if they could not get the terms they wanted. The Japanese cabinet was aware that if they were invaded, kamikaze pilots would dive bomb enemy ships, soldiers would fight by suicidal banzai charges, and civilians would strap on explosives and throw themselves under enemy tanks. The Japanese were ready to ?fight to the very end,? and only a devastating devic... ...s who would do anything to win their war so a powerful weapon was needed to weaken their will. The bomb?s intense impact saved more soldiers? and civilians? lives involved in the war than it destroyed. The damage the atomic bombs produced was miniscule compared to the massacres the Japanese militarists created. The bomb clearly improved American foreign relations, especially with the Soviet Union. The choice to use the atomic bomb was justified because it coerced a Japanese surrender, saved countless lives, served as retribution for the sufferings of many people, and acted as an anti-Soviet deterrent. Bibliography: Bibliography http://www.ohiou.edu/perspectives/9701t/bomb2.htm http://www1.chron.com/content/interactive/special/vj/vets.htm http://www.members.home.net/jeromej/atomic/2.jpg http://www.members.home.net/jeromej/atomic/4.jpg

Related literature and studies Essay

This chapter contains the researched review done by the proponents about the related ideas regarding the social networking. The critique of both related studies and literature that are related to the present study. A. Related Literature Matt Mickiewicz (2010) stated that, Social networking refers to the act of building networks of people on specific websites. Social networking takes place among people who share something. A social networking site is just a means for building these social networks. These sites are made up of some web representation for each network member a list of their links or interests, and some kind of ‘hook’ or gimmick to set that particular site apart from the crowd. Social networking sites are web-based, and offer their users the ability to link and build networks freely. Members interact with email or private messaging using that site’s servers. (http://www.askdeb.com/blog/internet/what-are-social-networking-sites/) The present research is similar in a sense that members of the site interact with each other. It will help us to know the latest news update about the school and the upcoming program that were going to held. In the other hand, the school will also inform if th eir followers or the students are interested in the program or activities that the school prepared. Like Mickiewicz stated, a social networking refers to the act of building networks of people. According to usability expert Jakob Nielsen (2011) whose user-experience research firm Nielsen Norman Group today with easy-to-use social networking tools now fully entrenched and very popular inside corporate intranets a trend that took off last year a resultant new trend has emerged. Employees are sharing more of their knowledge more effectively and with more co-workers than ever before. Knowledge management has moved from being a clichà © to being a reality. Employees are the ultimate knowledge resource, and the winning intranets provided features to transform their behavior into manageable knowledge. In particular, organizations used social networking a natural inside the enterprise to give employees practical and simple ways to communicate with one another and even change the way work is  done at the organization. (http://www.hr.com/en/communities/jakob-nielsen-study-enterpriseintranet-social-ne_girm9g7z.html) The current research is different in a sense it is referring only to the communication of the employees in a certain organization. While in our website, we are much particular to the communication between school officials and students. One of our objectives is to enhance communication among students, faculty members, and school official and other empl oyees. Tom Geismar (2005) found out that, when it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, many of these online community members share common interests in hobbies, religion, or politics. Once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize. This socialization may include reading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them. The present research is similar in a sense that the purpose of the website is to build socialization between members. Their common interests is that they are in a same community, same school which they are united. As Geismar stated, socialization may include reading profile pages of other members or even contacting with them. So the purpose is the same, we want to improve communication between students and make it easier for them to get information. We use Social Networking Websites because it is commonly used and more popular. According to Larry Brauner (2007), Social networking sites have each a unique protocol and don’t usually provide members with practical how-to advice to help use their sites effectively. They let us figure out the how-to on our own. To increase your number of connections, connect directly to as many other members as you can, especially well-connected members. You can send direct connections messages or emails whenever you wish. Join discussions in group s by posting or commenting when you have something valuable to add, but don’t spam the discussion board or post anything inappropriate. The current research is different in a sense that it is easy to use. Even though we don’t provide such guides to use the site, it’s easy to figure out what’s and how’s because it is user friendly. And also, the members don’t have to connect or add as many friends as they could just to have larger connections, it’s not like Facebook or Friendster. The members will interact with each other by creating post or leaving comment. Mark Zuckerburg (2007) stated that, there’s confusion around what the point of social networks is. A lot of different companies characterized as social networks have different goals some serve the function of business networking, some are media portals. What we’re trying to do is just make it really efficient for people to communicate, get information and share information. We always try to emphasize the utility component. What we figured is that if we could model what those connections were we could provide that information to a set of applications through which people want to share information, photos or videos or events. Social networking sites not serves as a community, or trying to build a community but trying to make new connections. The present research is similar in a sense were both aiming communication between people, to get information and share information. Members can share photos, video sot link to other members but not privately, it will be visible to all the members. Especially the events that will happen or will going to held by the school. It is the perfect location for posting announcements and sharing information. B. Related Studies Yong Yeol Ahn (2007) stated that the Social networking services are a fast-growing business in the Internet. However, it is unknown if online relationships and their growth patterns are the same as in real-life social networks. The Internet has been a vessel to expand our social networks in many ways. Social networking services (SNSs) are one successful example of such a role. It provides an online private space for individuals and tools for interacting with other people in the Internet. It help people find others of a common interest; establish a forum for discussion, exchange photos and personal news, and many more. The current research is different  in a sense that their Social networking services provide users with an online presence that contains shareable personal information, such as a birthday, hobbies, preferences, photographs, writings, etc. While our Social networking services offer features of convenience that help users form and maintain an online network with other us ers. We aim to develop a networking site that only focus to the event and other news that is happening in the school. Jawad Laraqui (2007), found out that an Online social networks are not a new phenomenon. They have evolved slowly into their current form as the popularity of the Internet increased, and as technical advances allowed services to support more complicated feature sets. In the 90s, the fledgling online communities were either easy to maintain message boards or static â€Å"homepage† style web sites hosted by extremely large companies. As technology became more inexpensive it made hosting more advanced social networks with more complex feature sets financially feasible for small companies. The present research is similar in a sense that we are both aiming a social network that has advance features or a unique one that will satisfy the needs of the people. We are going to develop a website that is exclusively for the students and employees of the school. Our school should be competitive to the innovation and enhancement that our technology seeking. Indeed, over the last decade, innovation in this space has always come from small startups. Peter Druschel (2007) stated that, unlike the Web, which is largely organized around content, online social networks are organized around users. Participating users join a network, publish their profile and any content, and create links to any other users with whom they associate. An in-depth understanding of the graph structure of online social networks is necessary to evaluate current systems, to design future online social network based systems, and to understand the impact of online social networks on the Internet. The present research is similar in a sense that the resulting social network provides a basis for maintaining social relationships, for finding users with similar interests, and for locating content and knowledge that has been  contributed or endorsed by other users. The only difference is that only the authorized personnel can edit or have the full control of the networking site. It is for the security and for the privacy of the users. Jasper A. Schelling (2007) studied that, most of the larger social networks share the same properties. User created profiles that describe characteristics, likes and dislikes, combined with a photo, a public friends list of mutual contacts, some form of messaging between users. Some form of blogging and the possibility to upload pictures and music. Looking at these technologies in retrospect it’s easy to see that the current social networking websites combine several of the older communication services. One of the major deficiencies with the current implementations in social networking services is their complete disregard of a hierarchy of social contacts. The current research is different in a sense that, though hierarchy might actually be too strong a word to describe the distinctions that people make in their social contacts, people make distinctions in their social interaction that drive how they interact and communicate with them. In our website we are more particular to the comments and suggestion of the users, especially to the students, their suggestion is a big help to the school administration for the improvement of the school. According to Fred Stutzman (2007), Social network websites enable individuals to represent their social networks in a computer-mediated context. While the exact value and meaning of the social connections represented in online social networks is variable there are distinct connections between the social networks represented in a computer-mediated context and the real world of the many narratives exploring use and outcomes of social network websites, perhaps the most common explores the public sharing o f personal identity information. Over the past four years, social network websites have achieved strong market penetration with a wide range of participants.

Great Society: Big Ideas

School Desegregation Montgomery Bus Boycott Tallahassee Bus Boycott Freedom Rides March on Washington Children's Crusade Freedom Summer Selma March and Bloody Sunday own words) Boycott – refusal to deal with something, such as a business, as a protest to force some kind of change Civil disobedience – intentional breaking of a law in a nonviolent or passive manner Civil Rights Movement – social movement of the asses ND asses to establish equality and civil rights for African Americans Integration – acceptance and equal access for all people into a group or place Segregation – enforced separation of groups Social activism – use of direct action to bring about social change 7. 03: Minority Rights: The Big Ideas How were the Civil Rights Movement and other social movements of the asses similar? How were women viewed by most of society in the asses? How did this change in the ASSES?What was the Equal Rights Amendment? What happened to it? Who were the United Farm Workers? How did they fight for their cause? What was the Native American Power movement? How did life change for Native Americans in 1953? What did Native Americans gain through social activism in the asses and early ASSES? Gray Panthers (Who were they and what did they fight for? ) National Organization for Women (NOW) (What were their goals? ) Betty Friedman Phyllis Scholarly Cesar Caves Events (Describe the event, its causes and effects) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (How did it affect different minority groups? ) 1961 – President's Commission on the Status of Women Title IX was passed

My Planet

â€Å"A stich in time saves nine. † Prevention is always better than cure, if we know that something with the passage of time might become dangerous then it better to take a precautionary step to combat the danger. So how many times you heard your parents and grandparents say this to you- take precaution dear and don’t give your problems a chance to arrive. So better work now and take precaution instead of fixing the damage later. This phase is applicable in many fields of life: If you are student then you should study every day, but generally all the confusion arises when you study only during exam. When you ignore your study in the early stages then you end up working hard during your examinations and risk your success. There is no need to gamble with your success if you do your studies appropriately on time. You should immediately go to a doctor and start your treatment, if there are certain visible symptoms of a disease, before getting diagnosed with that disease. There have been many cancer cases where the patient did not take his health seriously and later on with further deterioration of his health, he comes to know that he is suffering from cancer and is at the second or third stage. Had he been to the doctor earlier and diagnosed with his disease then he could have been easily cured in the first stage. Even in the case of other diseases early detection helps in taking better preventive measures. Thinking that the disease will cure itself or avoiding doctor visit may result in increase of the problem and expenses even endanger your life. We can take precaution methods by choosing healthy diet and making it a point to exercise regularly. Regular exercise and good nutritious food will make us less prone to diseases, and will also result in a healthy heart, mind and body. Preventive measures taken in work areas also lessen the intensity of suffering. For example if you focus on the market you can save yourself from financial catastrophe by perceiving the future losses. Preventive measure also helps in controlling population. Wise man always use this formula for the success, they never wait for the deadline to come near to start their work, instead they finish their work before deadline, this gives them time to solve any unseen problem that might occur during the process of their work. It is an old saying which holds true in daily life: No man is perfect we all do mistakes. But with the help of act of Prevention one can avoid doing many disasters, complexities, confusion and destruction. We can check ourselves from doing something by thinking about the outcome (that can happen because of our negligence) first and then take appropriate action. Each and every action should be measured carefully because solving the problem will be more time consuming and more painful compared to taking precaution so that the problem do not happen

Globalizaiton esse

Balancing the Paradox of Localization and Globalization: Research and Analyze the Levels of Market Involvement for Multinational Carmakers in China's Market Authors: Chin June Jiao Gagging Tutors: Dry. Philippe UDDI, Dry. Mikhail Lundeberg Program: Master's Programmer in Leadership and Management in International Context Subject: Level and semester: Master's Thesis Masterly Spring 2008 Baltic Business School CHIN June ;JIAO Stating 16/05/2008 Acknowledgements Our Personal Thanks We want to thank the following people for their continued supports throughout this p Seagram and their help in writing this thesis.Without their help, this thesis would not have been possible. In the first place, we would like to give thanks to our professor, Dry. Philippe UDDI for his supervision, advice, and guidance all through this research. Above all and the most needed, he provided us great encouragement and support in various ways. We also sincerely appreciate Mr.. Mikhail Lundeberg for his encourageme nt, supervision, constructive suggestions and professional advices to us during the research. His crucial contribution to the thesis is of great significance. His involvement with his originality has rigged and nourished our intellectual maturity.Abstract Field: Master thesis in change management Number of Pages: Title: Chin June ; Jiao Gagging Supervisor: Mikhail Lundeberg, Baltic Business School, Kalmia, Sweden Submission Date: 16th May, 2008 3 Executive Summary: Multinational Corporations (Mans) are facing the paradox of globalization and localization in entering each new market. Generally, there are two perspectives which regard to how a NC configure its crossbred activities: The first is global convergence perspective, which focuses on leveraging corporate resources and attaining global synergies.The second is international diversity perspective, which lays more emphasis on local adaptation and harnessing diversities s. Both perspectives have their pros and cons, a balance betw een international standardization and local adaptation is vital. For the major Auto China market is as clear as day to everyone. This paper focuses on how the major Auto Giants balance the paradox of globalization and localization in the China market. In other words, how the Mans deal with the dilemma of globalization and localization under different strategic contexts?The eavesdropping auto market is one of the embodiments of that transfer process. So, our research on the major carmakers' activities in China's automobile industry lies in the current issue of the rise of China. The paradox of globalization and localization for multinational companies is not new anymore; however, it doesn't necessarily meaner that they are invalid or meaningless. Instead, it is a forever topic as the countries in the world is more and more economically interrelated.Moreover, the theory itself has been developing ever since. Nowadays, multinational companies are dominating the world economy, so is goi ng to be in China. Combined with the background of China's unique business environment, the theory could be further applied and developed. The free participate on of Mans in the China's market and their fierce competitions is the reason why ordinary Chinese customers are enjoying a great variety of commodities, comparing to 15 years ago when only limited types of inferior products were available.With regard to the choice of the industry, several industries were available for us to study the localization of Mans in the China market. Besides our personal interests on it, automobile industry is better than any others for researching Mans' global strategies. The automobile industry, due to its importance, is a popular topic in the academia. As a result, the accessibility of relevant literatures is high,