Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 24

I ran depleteward(a) to the lake, the sound of the stake ripping done Damons flesh echoing in my mind. Once I got to the shore, I stared at my reflection in the water. My hazelnut eyes stared back, my lips pressed into a thin line. With an angry jerk, I threw a pebble into the pond, shattering my image into a thousand little ripples.Part of me trea sure as shootingd to jump in the lake, swim to the other side, and never come back. blasted Damon to hell if death was what he wanted so much. But no matter how much I wished hed die, I couldnt kill him. Despite everything, we were brothers, and I wantedneededto do everything in my power to save him. after both, blood was thicker than water. I laughed bitterly as I thought of the deeper meanings of the metaphor. air was also more mixed, more destructive, and more meaningbreaking than water.I sank into the brackish sand at the waters edge and lay back with a sigh, letting the wan zero(prenominal)ember sun cascade everywhere me . I dont accredit how long I remained alike(p) that before I felt strangle footf altogethers vibrate the ground beneath me.I sighed. I dont know what Id hoped to find, glide path down to the lake, but my peace and quiet was ruined when Callie sat down next to me.Everything okay? she asked, throwing a small rock into the lake with a plunk. She didnt wrick to expression me.I average could you leave me alone? I muttered. Please.No.I sat up and looked her square in the face. Why non?Callie pursed her lips, her forehead crinkling as though she were working through a complicated problem. Then, hesitantly, she reached out with her tiny pinky finger and traced the outline of my lapis lazuli ring.The lusus naturae has a ring like this, she said.I jerked my hand away in horror. How could I have forgotten about our rings?Callie cleared her throat. Is the vampire, is he your brother?My blood ran cold, and I jumped to my feet.No, Stefan Stay. Callies green eyes were wide, her cheeks flu shed. Please. Just stay. I know what you are, and Im not afraid.I took a step back, my breath glide slope in rapid gasps. My mind spun, and I felt nauseated all over again. How can you know what I am and not apprehension me?Youre not a monster, she said simply. She rose to her feet as well.For a moment, we just stood there, not speaking, barely breathing. A duck cut an arc through the lake. A horse whinnied in the distance. And the scent of pine tickled my nose. I observe then that Callie had removed all the vervain from her hair.How can you say that? I asked. I could kill you in an instant.I know. She looked into my eyes as if probing for something. My soul, perhaps. So why havent you? Why dont you now?Because I like you, I said, surprising myself with the words.A whisper of a smile flitted across her lips. I like you too.Are you sure about that? I took her wrists in mine and she pulled away a little. Because when I touch you, I dont know whether I want to kiss you or or Kiss m e, she said breathlessly. Dont cypher about the alternative.I cant. If I do, it wont stop there.Callie moved adpressed to me. But you saved me. When your brother lunged for me, you staked him. You staked your own brother. For me.Just in the stomach, not the heart, I pointed out.Still. She placed her hand on my chest, right over where my heart used to be. I stiffened, trying not to inhale the scent of her. earlier I could react, she pulled a needle out of her pocket and punctured her office finger. I froze.Blood.Just one drop of it, like a virtuoso ruby, balanced there on the tip of her finger.God,Calliesblood. It smelled like cedarwood and the sweetest wine. My face began to sweat, and my breathing became heavy. My senses sharpened, and my fangs throbbed. Fear flashed in Callies eyes and radiated off her body.And just like that, my fangs retracted. I fell backward, panting.See, youre not a monster, she said firmly. Not likeheis. The flex picked up, causing Callies hair to rippl e out behind her like the waves in the lake. She shivered, and I stood up, pulling her close.Maybe, I whispered into her ear, drinking in the headstrong scent of her, my mouth inches from her neck. I couldnt bear to tell her about all the lives Id taken, how Damon thought thatIwas the monster. But hes my brother. And its my fault hes in there.Do you want me to ease you free him? she said heavily, as if shed known all along that our conversation would come to this.Yes, I said simply.Callie chewed on her lip as she played with a strand of her hair, wrapping it on her finger, over and over again.But you dont have to. I avoided her eyes, so I knew I wasnt induce her.She stared at me carefully, as if my face were a cipher she could decode.In devil days, she said, meet me at midnight. Thats when Damon will be moved to our attic.Are you sure?She nodded. Yes.Thank you. I cupped her cheeks with my hands and leaned forward, pressing my forehead to hers. And then I kissed her.As we stood, palm to palm, chest to chest, I could have sworn I felt my heart come back to life, beating in faultless sync with hers.

Sources of Motivation Paper

neartimes flock have to ask themselves questions such as why do I want to do that, what is it that I pauperism that is going to arrive to get me from point A to point B, and how do I stay fresh doing what I neediness to do to accomplish the set task or goal? Many times wad wonder what causes an mortal to typify in a certain way. The word indigence is utilize in everyday language and can be defined in mixed ways but, in general, it is referred to as the subjective course of action that triggers, directs and maintains the idiosyncratics behaviours toward a particular goal or steadyt (Ferguson, 2000).Hence, this subject defines motif, addresses a few sources of motivation, gives an idea about how human motivation and behavior be linked together, as come up as look at how motivation is dis take to the woodsed in behavior. Sources of Motivation Motivation can originate from internal sources, described as biological and psychological variables, and from external sources, such as incentives and goals (Deckers, 2010, pg. 1). For example, a biological factor in the motivation to eat would be that the individual got something to eat because his or her rear was growling or experiencing stomach pangs.A psychological factor in the motivation to eat would be that an individual ate too much because he or she used food as a way to cope with his or her feelings of impression or loneliness. An environmental factor in the motivation to eat would be that the sight and smell of food triggered the hunger and eating such as the smell of a freshly cookd loaf of banana b eitherock b tape. An external factor to becoming do to cook ones own freshly baked bread is having the goal to consider how to bake the bread and then market it in a way to solve in extra income.In addition to biological, psychological and environmental variables to motivation, it is likewise said that motivation can be intrinsic or adventitious. agree to Ferguson, internal outcomes can pro vide internal incentives, and incentive motivation of this lineament is called intrinsic motivation. When external outcomes provide external incentives, the incentive motivation is called extrinsic motivation (2000, pg. 215). For example, a person who is intrinsically motivated might learn to play the piano because it gives the individual has a sense of pleasure composition listening to the music.A person who is extrinsically motivated might learn to play the piano because he or she is promised monetary gain or some other type of reward. The Relationship between Motivation and Behavior Psychologists, therapists, behaviorists as well as others who work in or interested in human services, many times want to know and participate in studies to help them learn more about what motivates individuals to behave or misbehave in a certain way.According to Reeves, motivation study concerns all conditions that exist within the person and within the environment and culture that rationalise wh y we want what we want and why we do what we do (2009, pg. iii). So, when raft think about motivation, they have to consider the individuals desire, drive, and need to get or accomplish something and whether that motivation is strong or abstemious as well as the behavior that goes along with it.To put it in a nonher way, motivation and behavior are like the coin which has the detail (motivation) and the tail (behavior). Thus, when explaining the relationship between motivation and behavior, the truth is that you cant have one without the other. How Motivation Exhibited in Behavior What causes a person to walk in the pelting without an umbrella? Could it be that the individual moldiness get to his or her destination no matter the condition of the brave out? Or could it be that the individual loves the feel of water coming low-spirited from its natural environment?If not for those reasons, then could it be that the individual uses the rain water during that time to hide his or h er tears in an flak to release some of his or her emotions of sorrow and pain? The way people act leave aloneing many times dep kibosh on the motivation behind it. Its difficult to understand certain behaviors without looking at the the type of motivation that is connected to it. People many times look out ways that will help them get motivated to fail in the direction of their thoughts or of their own perceived needs or preferred wants. The behavior that they will exhibit once they have iscovered the need or source, will then help them know what they can do and then motivate them to get to their desired objective, goal or even the destination that they have set forth for themselves. Simply put, motivation is a kind of an internal force which compels an individual to do something in invest to get something whether it be revealed internally or displayed externally. For example, I am motivated to do well in class, thus I must read the material, answer the questions according to recommended standards, participate in class discussions and perform well on assignments given.Thus, when looking at or attempting to explain motivation with that example, it is not only what causes me to act but also why I took a certain course of action. Motivation is about human strivings, wants, desires, and goals and the behavior exhibited will either be a push or pull that gets the individual to do something. If the desires are strong, the individual will do work leaden at trying to fulfill it and if they are weak, he or she may be less motivated to do so.Motivation, whether it is strong or weak, comes through a number of sources and the behavior that is displayed comes out in different ways. Whether those motivations are due to biological, psychological and environmental variables, the behavior affects the individuals end whether that end is positive or negative. Whether the motivation is internally, externally, intrinsically or extrinsically motivated, people will do those things are important to them and show forth the behaviors that will get them toward their desired wants, needs, objectives or goals.ReferencesFerguson, E. (2000). Motivation A Biosocial and Cognitive desegregation of Motivation and Emotion. New York, NY Oxford University Press, Incorporated. Deckers, L. (2010). MotivationBiological, Psychological, and Environmental. (3rd ed.). Boston, MA Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Retrieved fromhttps//ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/. Reeve, J. (2009). Understanding motivation and emotion. (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved fromhttps//ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/.

Respond To Pupils’ Use Of Home Language

Karen is working with a small pigeonholing of children who have brought a toy in from home and have been asked to gurgle about it to the rest of the group. Ben is from Wales and has a very broad accent which is divers(prenominal) from other children in the group, who are from London. When Ben stands and starts to talk a girl in the group starts laughing with her friend and tries to imitate him. What should Karen do? Why is it Copernican not to ignore the pupils who laugh? Karen should talk to the girls who were laughing and explain that both person is a unique individual and we all have differences.They whitethorn not have intended to upset Ben or realise the reach their behaviour could have on him. She should ask the girls how they would feel if somebody laughed at them because of their accent or their appearance or other factor that is beyond their control. Considering the feelings of other people should always be progressd. It is extremely important not to ignore this behav iour as pupils whitethorn think that it is acceptable to do this. Ben could become upset and feel isolated, which could have a serious seismic disturbance on his self-confidence.His work may also be affected, he may not want to attend school, become withdrawn or stock-still start to display unacceptable behaviour himself. To help promote diversity, Ben should be encouraged to talk to his peers about where he is from. If Ben speaks Welsh, he could teach a few basic words to the class. At Meadow View, some teachers encourage children to answer the register in a different language. A space like this would be ideal to educate students about Bens downplay and hopefully make him feel included and accepted amongst his classmates.

Language Anxiety Essay

Learning and t distri only ifivelying a vocabulary advise be considered by many as a real challenging and demanding task ascribable to what the process itself implies. Could you imagine how each language learner flavours when he/ she is asked to perform an activity or effective to speak in front of the class? Some of them lead feel very comfortable scarce what about those whose hearts often pound up really hard, break out in a cold elbow grease and find it difficult to catch their breath. The disorders introduced previously corresponds to what a considerable amount of m stary of foreign language learners face whenever they argon asked to do roughlything in the schoolroom known as apprehension, a term linked to an unpleasant vox populi but which can also be face-saving when learning a language. To begin with, worry in the language learning is considered as cardinal of the most important affective factors, which has been studied since the 1970s. It is important to know what anxiety is, in planetary terms anxiety is a psychological bring in that is describe as a state of apprehension, a vague solicitude that is only indirectly associated with an object (Hilgard, Atkinson, & Atkinson, 1971).It can also be specify as a subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the self-loading nervous system (McIntyre & Gardner, 1994) or in simple words it is described as a feeling of nervousness or worry. But make a relationship between language and anxiety it is found that harmonise to what McIntyre (1999) stated, language anxiety is the worry and electronegative emotional reaction affected when learning a bite language. Secondly, anxiety has been found to be a negative feeling but helpful in whatever elans when learning a language. According to Hortwitz (1986) facilitating or helpful anxiety motivates learners to meshing the new learning task, making them to expend extra efforts to chastise the ir feelings of anxiety. This subject of positive anxiety is necessary since scholars who are not anxious low any condition get out feel too relax and they will not even care about their learning process which will cause them to fail at learning a language. For example, a student who feels anxious but he uses it positively as a way to motivate him to pass the course and learn the target language successfully will obtain excellent results.However, there is a probable put on the line that is helpful anxiety can easily become harmful anxiety. It is claimed that one third of students learning a foreign language experience some kind of anxiety (Horwitz, et al., 1986). Students facing anxiety is a real and cat valium phenomenon that takes place in the classroom which is normal and helpful at some point but when the level of anxiety starts increasing without any overcome it will be very harmful so that students should be very careful and recognize the anxiety and do something positiv e about it forrader they react to this negative anxiety in a very negative way. What is more, according to some experts as the one mentioned previously Horwitz stated that helpful anxiety occurs only in the accomplishment of simple learning tasks, but not with more complicated learning such as language learning.Lastly, the type of anxiety is an issue that should be identified in the classroom and overcome possible difficulties related to it. Teachers can identify anxiety due to the fact that most of the time when anxiety takes place there are very observable evidence such as physical symptoms, general avoidance or physical actions but what sometimes is difficult for educators is to accept in the language learning. Some suggestions have been made for teacher to overcome anxiety such as being supportive, promote students to relax by means of music or games, using fair tests, providing meaningful activities, giving meaningful rewards, being clear about classroom goals, helping stud ents to assess their performance, encouraging risk taking and creating a comfortable environment among others.To conclude, it must be said that learning a language implies many affective factors but anxiety is one of the most relevant and an inevitable feeling among second language learners. The matter is Do my students know how to identify anxiety symptoms and do something positive about it? What is more Do I know what to do to diminish language anxiety? When learning a language the answers to these questions can be the difference. To ignore language anxiety within a classroom is not the solution it will just drive to failure.ReferencesHilgard, E. R., Atkinson, R. C., & Atkinson, R. L. (1971). Introductionto psychology (5thed.). New York Harcourt.Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70(1), 125-132.MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The perspicacious effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305.Robertson, P & Adamson, J (2011). Language Learning Strategies, Beliefs, and Anxiety in Academic Speaking Task. The Philippine ESL Journal, (7), 95-100. Retrieved from http//www.philippine-esl-journal.com/Volume-7.pdf

EC Law Essay

Part ASonja is a interim farm labourer of 16 years old. In the spend of 2005 she was hospitalized with sunburn got from working in the field without adequate UV fortress according to the unseeable radiation therapy (UV) shield at Work leading adopted by the EC. The directing provides that the penis States should ensure Sunblock and dark glasses to workers in outdoor presentivities inwardly the sum of the Directive.According to the independent arbitrament scheme with employers club up with the favourable reception of the Government by the Finnish Farm Labourers Union, Sonja, has brought her drive in the lead the Arbitrator. Her claim requires that the Arbitrator interpret the Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work Directive. The Arbitrator considers that Sonjas claim should be dismissed because she is not a worker according to his recitation of the Directive, but merely an apprentice who does not qualify for judicial protection.As provided in the independen t arbitration scheme the decisions of the Arbitrator argon legitimately binding and in that location is no right to appeal.According to the rules of procedure open up by the instituting treaties of the European Communities for the romance of arbitrator of the European Communities, the judiciarys legal power is automatically mandate in the areas expressly provided by the Treaties. on that point is no need for the piece States to accept this competence which means that the greet can be authorized by only one party, regular(a) against particle States. This also means that in the attributed domains by the treaties its competence is unshared compared to any other jurisdiction. oblige 2341 (ex phrase 177) from the consolidated treaty establishing the European community provides that The Court of umpire shall find jurisdiction to reveal preliminary exam rulings business sectoring(a)the interpretation of this Treaty(b)the validity and interpretation of acts of the instit utions of the familiarity and of the ECB(c)the interpretation of the statutes of bodies realised by an act of the Council, where those statutes so provide.Where much(prenominal) a perplexity is increase originally any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.Where any such question is raised in a study pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial relieve to a lower place national law, that court or tribunal shall toy the effect before the Court of Justice.In the case of Sonja, because the independent arbitration scheme circuit up between the Finnish Farm Labourers Union and the employers is conducted with the approval of the Government, to settle disputes regarding pay and conditions of work we can assimilate the Arbitrator with a court of law. The A rbitrator has an exclusive competence in this field. Moreover, he meets the requirements set up in the last provision of the obligate 234, as set forth, because his decisions are legally binding and there is no right to appeal. This institutes an eng shape upment upon the Arbitrator that whenever he has to interpret any act of one of the institutions of the Community he should raise a case before the Court of Justice of the European Communities.Therefore, before interpreting the provisions of the Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work Directive on the meaning of worker at bottom the said act, the Arbitrator should confine brought recourse in interpretation before the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The conditions for such recourse, as provided in the Article 234, are that there has to be an open case brought before a national form of jurisdiction that has to request the Court, asking for the interpretation of an act of one of the institutions of the Communit ies.Because the Arbitrator did not open such recourse before the Court of Justice of the European Communities, Sonja has grounds for dismissal of his decision in front of a higher Finnish court of law through and through an extraordinary procedure. The dismissal can be decided only on procedural issues and not on the merits of the case because the decisions of the Arbitrator are not subject to appeal.In general, international jurisdictions are only competent to translate states. They can not be used as a legal remedy by inhering persons. However, the Court of Justice of the European Communities is complaisant not only to the member states of the European Communities, but also, in very(prenominal) strict conditions to individuals, natural and legal persons. This provides Sonja with, yet, another alternative for her case. She can rent an annulment recourse before the Court.The annulment recourse is the possibility of the states, institutions of the Communities and natural and leg al persons to challenge in front of the Court a mandatory act issued either by the Council or by the complaint, and to be given in plastered conditions the annulment of the act. This is a way to control EU acts and their conformity with the instituting treaties.The provisions of the Rome Treaties show that there can be subjected to this form of recourse acts that are mandatory like directives and regulations, and in veritable situations even decisions. Article 2302 (ex Article 173) of the consolidated Treaty establishing the European Community provides that The Court of Justice shall review the legality of acts adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council, of acts of the Council, of the Commission and of the ECB, other than recommendations and opinions, and of acts of the European Parliament think to produce legal effectuate vis--vis third parties.It shall for this intention have jurisdiction in actions brought by a Member State, the European Parliament, the Coun cil or the Commission on grounds of lack of competence, irreverence of an essential procedural requirement, infringement of this Treaty or of any rule of law relating to its application, or employ of powers.The Court of Justice shall have jurisdiction under the aforementioned(prenominal) conditions in actions brought by the European Parliament, by the Court of Auditors and by the ECB for the purpose of defend their prerogatives. whatsoever natural or legal person may, under the same conditions, institute proceedings against a decision addressed to that person or against a decision which, although in the form of a regulation or a decision addressed to another person, is of direct and individual concern to the former. Usually, individuals are allowed to bring actions before the Court only in generator to regulations which direct apply to them and directly give way their rights. However, proceedings can be brought regarding a directive in situations in which it has the same effe cts on the individual. The Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work Directive directly infringes Sonjas right to adequate protection for the type of labour she is doing and for the conditions in which she works by limiting the notion of worker to which it applies. With this limitation the Directive breaches the substantial provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Community.Regarding work, Article 13 of the Treaty provides that 1. Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Treaty and within the limits of the powers conferred by it upon the Community, the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament, may take appropriate action to combat discrimination found on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.3Therefore the article of belief of the illegaliseishment of discrimination on grounds of age is laid squander by an instituting treaty. It bears no d issimilarity that Sonja is only sixteen. She should not be discriminated against for this reason and not be considered as a worker under the Directive.The term worker is also describe in many EU acts, including in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The notion is wide and non-discriminatory, especially when considering a persons rights or the breach of these rights. 26. In accordance with the Courts case-law, the concept of worker, within the meaning of Article 48 of the Treaty and of Regulation No 1612/68, has a unique(predicate) Community meaning and must not be interpreted narrowly.Any person who pursues activities which are real and genuine, to the exclusion of activities on such a small scale as to be regarded as purely borderline and ancillary, must be regarded as a worker. The essential feature of an involution relationship is, according to that case-law, that for a certain period of time a person performs services for and under the direc tion of another person in return for which he receives remuneration4Moreover, the restriction on the term worker is in direct trespass with the Directive No. 33 of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young citizenry at work which applies to persons under 18 and provides that they should have suitable work conditions, measures necessary to protect the safety and wellness of young people5.In conclusion, the limitation of the notion of worker from the Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Protection at Work Directive that prevents Sonja, because of her age and because she is a temporary worker to benefit from the proper work protection, is in direct violation of the instituting treaties, the principles on which the EU is based, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and basic human rights. This provides Sonja, although she is a natural person, with the active legal quality to bring recourse in annulment before the Court due to what she has suffered from the effects of this act.Part BThe joined cases of Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard were brought before the Court of Justice of the European Communities as a reference under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty6 by the Tribunal de Grande Instance (Regional Court) from Strasbourg (France), for a preliminary ruling in the nefarious proceedings pending before the tribunal against the two.The Tribunal de Grande Instance has asked the Court of Justice of the European Communities to give an interpretation of the rules of the EEC Treaty relating to opposition and easedom of movement within the Community. The Court has found that Article 30 of the EEC Treaty is to be interpreted as not applying to code of a Member State imposing a general prohibition on resale at a loss7.In the decisions of Keck and Mithouard the Court institutes certain principles regarding the measures that can be taken by states. Such a principle is the one stating that national measures which limit or prohibit certain gross revenue p ractices do not fall within the scope of Article 308, so long as they are applied to all those operating within the national territory and that they demand in exactly the same way, twain in law and in practice, the market of national products and those originating from other Member States9.The Court of Justice of the European Communities has subsequently interpreted the decisions in the cases of Keck and Mithouard on the matter of advertisement, especially the vague formulation selling arrangements. The decisions were applied and interpreted in connection to the way producers are able to market their goods and to the marketing strategies used by them. However, the two cases were exceptional interpretations of the Article 28, due to the slew and should have been regarded as such. On the contrary, this interpretation was widely extended by the Court.The extension has brought about the possibility of member states to impose certain restrictions in advertising. These restrictions w ere thought by the Court to be outside the scope of Article 28. Such measures cover fields like TV advertising and sponsorship of programmes aimed at children below the age of 12 being prohibited10 in Sweden, the advertising of toys in Greece which is time restricted, banns referring to certain kinds of toys in Germany and Denmark and so on. Goods that are considered sensitive are also subjected to banns even at an EU level. As an example there is the Television Without Frontiers (TVWF) Directive in which there is stated that children should not have easy entree to advertising for goods such as cigarettes and alcohol.Cases were brought before the Court with regards to such measures. Some decisions given by the Court find origination on its previous Keck and Mithouard decisions With respect to the free movement of goods (Article 30) the Court value that the ban on advertising could usurp the free movement of the products advertised.It hence referred to the Keck-Mithouard jurispr udence and ruled that a Member State could apply such restrictions if they were shown to affect in the same way, in law and in particular, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member States were necessary for meeting prevalent requirements of general public importance or one of the aims laid down in Article 36 of the EC Treaty were proportionate for that purpose and that those aims could not be met by less inhibitory measures11.In conclusion, bans of advertising are considered to be in accordance with the Article 28 when they affect in the same way the marketing of the domestic products and that of the products from other Member States, they are necessary for requirements of general public importance and when less restrictive measures could not have been applied. Thus, the Court institutes the principle of proportionality that applies even if the ban has more serious effects on goods coming from other states than on national ones.Any state restrictions of th e selling arrangements automatically affect access to the market contrary to what the Court has considered in the cases of Keck and Mithouard. It is of course true that such restrictions provided in a non-discriminatory way do not infringe of the free movement of goods, but they do affect trade. Measures taken by states have to be uncertain and validating, for them to fall outside the scope of the Article 28 and be regarded as breaches of the free movement of goods.The Keck case institutes a kind of presumption that certain measures taken by states, that fall under a certain category should be regarded as uncertain and indirect and therefore outside the scope of Article 28. This presumption is damaging in some cases. The measures should be analyzed according to the merits of each individual case and the effects they have in that particular case. Therefore, I believe that the cases of Keck and Mithouard affect the balance between state responsibilities and the free movement of goods .BibliographyConsolidated translation of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (2002), appointed Journal C325, Retrieved of the tenth on January 2005, lendable at http//www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/12002E.htmlBrian Francis collins v secretary of State for Work and Pensions (23 March 2004) Judgment of the Court (Full Court)Case C-138/02 European Court reports 2004 Page I-02703, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, easy at http//www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/Notice.do?val=287581cs&lang=en&list=391912cs,287581cs,341893cs,287498cs,278038cs,277710cs,269338cs,264078cs,250808cs,247148cs,&pos=2&page=1&nbl=18&pgs=10&hwords=workworker&checktexte=checkbox&visu=texteCriminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (24 November 1993) Judgment of the Court conjugate cases C-267/91 and C-268/91, European Court reports 1993 Page I-06097, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, forthcoming at http//europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUri Serv.do?uri=CELEX61991J0267ENHTMLDICouncil Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work, Official Journal L 216 , 20/08/1994 P. 0012 0020, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at http//europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX31994L0033ENHTMLLolivier, Marc (January 1998), The De Agostini ruling and advertising regulation, Commercial Comunications Newsletter, Edition 10, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at http//europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/comcom/newsletter/edition10/page04_en.htmStanbrook, Lionel ( October 1997), Childrens advertising, consumer protection and the countrified of origin principle, Commercial Comunications Newsletter, Edition 09, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at http//europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/comcom/newsletter/edition09/page18_en.htmStatute of the Court of Justice (November 2005), Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at http//curia.eu.int/en/ instit/txtdocfr/txtsenvigueur/statut.pdforvaldsson, Bjrn (2002), Keck and Mithouard, Master Thesis, Master of European personal matters Programe, Law, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at http//www.jur.lu.se/Internet/english/ test/Masterth.nsf/0/585A26471860B6F6C1256BCD00730AAF/$File/xsmall.pdf?OpenElementMollers, Thomas M.J. (February 2005), EuGH, Rs. C-405/98 v. 8.3.2001 Gourmet International Products, energy of Law, Augsburg University, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at http//www.jura.uni-augsburg.de/prof/moellers/materialien/materialdateien/050_eugh_entscheidungen/eugh_1998_405_gourmet_international_products_en/Competitive Federalism and merchandise Access in the EU, Jean Monet Center, NYU School of Law, Retrieved of the 10th on January 2005, Available at http//www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/01/012701-04.html1 Treaty establishing the European Community, Art. 2342 idem, Art 2303 idem, Art. 134 Brian Francis Collins v Secretary of State for W ork and Pensions (23 March 2004)5 Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work.6 Treaty establishing the European Community, ex Article 1777Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard (24 November 1993)8 in the consolidated Treaty the number of the article has become 28 and it exit be referred to accordingly9 Lolivier, Marc (January 1998), op. cit.10 Stanbrook, Lionel (October 1997), op. cit.11 idem

Music-Induced Affect as Treatment of Elderly Depression Essay

cabb suppurate first in venerable patients is one of the most prevalent psychological problems today. However, search and association regarding this beat is limited and those involved in the screening of this knowledge to help olden individuals experiencing picture are lacking in efficient strategies and breeding. This paper aims to explore the efficacy of inducing cocksure strike through unison as a schema in litigateing clinical picture in older individuals. The paper foc enforces on the efficientness of unison entirely as tool in treating natural falling off based on its capacity to induce affirmatory affect. It is hypothesized that positive affect continuously induced via medical specialty within a set time-period bequeath lessen signs of depression.Introduction picture has recently been recognized as one of main psychological problems lining society today. Literature shows that treatment of depression learns to be specialise in terms of the commonwe alth it addresses. Certain groups, such as pueriles, oppose to certain treatments differently when compared to another group, such as the elderly. (Aryan & Alvidres, 2001 Von Kroff et al, 2001)Depression among the elderly has specifically been found to be rampant and mostly un reviewed chiefly due to the fact that it was regarded earlier on as a common step in an individuals aging. (Casey, 1994) The need for further research on the subject is stressed by the fact that treatments and solutions for depression among elderly individuals are studied only in areas wherein a majority of the population is in the late stages of life. (Bramesfeld, 2003)Also, research has shown that general practitioners involved in treating depression in the elderly need to have more training and data on how best to handle depression in older patients. (Rothera et al, 2002) diagnosing of depression is overly a problem with 70-90% of depressed elderly patients outlet undiagnosed. (Koenig, 1999)A new st rategy being researched for its effectiveness in treating depression employs the use of music techniques. H supplantricks et al (1999) showed the potency of music in treating adolescent depression mainly because of its ability to inspire a change in the individuals emotions.Hanser & Thomson (1994) and Hanser (1990) studies have excessively shown promise in the use of music techniques to treat depression in older individuals. This paper aims to clear these previous studies but lead focus only on the musical comedy aspect of the treatment. Previous research included exercise, muscle relaxation techniques, and yield of experiences which could have confounded the results of the previous studies attesting to the effectiveness of music techniques.Research hesitation The goal of this paper is to determine whether there is a solid race between music-induced affect and depression. Can positive affect induced by music reduce depression? It is hypothesized that positive music-induced a ffect has a significant negative relationship with depression.Methods The design of the ingest is experimental and random. Specifically, it makes use of a 22 between-subjects factorial design. One variable lead be the music-induced affect which testament have two levels in the experiment, presence and absence of music-induced affect. Negative music-induced affect will not be used for estimable reasons. The other variable will be the test scores of the participants assessing the meretriciousness of their depression. This will have two levels, test scores prior to the use of the music technique and test scores acquired after application. The two variables tally tot eh 22 factorial design. (Mann, 1949)Setting The study will be conducted in a laboratory setting within particular care facilities from which the participants will be gathered. Performing the experiment in a primary care facility will be more favourable especially because the participants involved are elderly indi viduals. The laboratory setting will control for confounding variables that could be present in a received environment.Population The research sample will be composed of individuals from age 65 onwards coming from primary care facilities and who have been diagnosed with depression (ranging from mild to severe). This is to avoid ethical and scientific concerns regarding clinically-induced depression.Data CollectionThe autonomous variable is the positive music-induced affect will be measured with the defer Form of the ten-fold Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R). (Zuckerman & Lubin, 1985) The depression level, the aquiline variable, of the participants will be measured with the Beck Depression neckcloth (BDI). (Beck et al, 1961)Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group will be administered with music sessions aimed at inducing positive affect. The music will be pre-tested on a different set of participants also with depression to chec k its validity in inducing positive affect. The control group will not be administered with music sessions and will only be administered the Beck Depression Inventory at the start and at the end of the experimentation period. The experimental group will be administered the selected music once daily for a duration of four weeks. During the sessions, participants of the experimental set-up will be asked to clear their minds and to focalise only on the music being played. The State Form of the multiplex Affect Adjective Check List-Revised will be administered before and after each session to ensure that positive affect was induced. The Beck Depression Inventory will also be administered to this group at the start and end of the four-week experimentation period to document depression levels.Data Analysis store data will be analyzed statistically with the use of a one-way analysis of departure (one-way analysis of variance). The computed marginal means in the ANOVA will be the determ ining statistical value indicating the effect of positive music-induced affect on depression scores with the Beck Depression Inventory.Conclusion euphony as a technique employed in treating depression will provide healthcare workers and low-income families with a relatively cost-free strategy of helping elderly individuals experiencing depression. This is also a technique that doesnt require much training or medical expertise in its administration. All one would need in order to be able to administer this technique is knowledge as to which music selections are prescribed and certified to induce positive affect. This technique, because of its simplicity and speed of application, could also be used as a supplementary strategy to medication, counseling and psychotherapies being employed to treat depression in elderly patients. The research, however, has many limitations. The range of elderly individuals that will be available for experimentation will only be confined to a specific loc ality. Time constraints will also be an issue. Further study should be conducted on a larger sample size and over a longer experimentation period. Different music styles and variations can also be checked to ascertain maximum effectiveness of the treatment. Gender could also be checked as a factor. Depression is indeed a psychological problem that afflicts todays elderly individuals. Research regarding effective techniques has to be continued and expanded in order for healthcare workers to be able to best address this growing problem.ReferencesArean, P., & Alvidrez, J. (2001). Treating Depressive Disorders Who Responds, Who Does Not Respond, and Who Do We bespeak to Study? Journal of Family Practices, 50(6), 529Beck, A., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression, Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.Bramesfeld, A. (2003). do provision for elderly depressed persons and political and professional awareness for this subject a comparison of six European countries. International Journal of gerontological Psychiatry, 18, 392-401Casey, D. (1994). Depression in the elderly. Southern Medical Journal, 87(5), 559-563Hanser, S. B. (1990). A music therapy strategy for depressed older adults in the community. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 9, 283-298.Hanser, S. B., & Thompson, L. W. (1994). Effects of music therapy strategy on depressed older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 49, 265-269.Hendricks, C., Robinson, B., Bradley, L., & Davis, K. (1999). Using music techniques to treat adolescent depression. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 38(1), 39-46Koenig, H. (1999). Late-life depression How to treat patients with comorbid chronic illness. geriatrics, 54(5), 56-61Mann, H.B. (1949). Analysis and design of experiments analysis of variance and analysis of variance designs. New York, Dover Publications.Rothera, I., Jones, R., & Gordon, C. (2002). An examination of the attitudes and practice of general practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in older people. International Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 354-358Von Kroff, M., Katon, W., Wells, K., & Wagner, E. (2001). Improving Depression Care Barriers, Solutions, and Research Needs. Journal of Family Practice, 50(6), 529-561Zuckerman M, & Lubin B. (1985) Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised. San Diego Educational and Industrial Testing

Working with Children with Additional Needs

Section B Specific redundant Requirements Describe 3 examples of syndromes/conditions of your choice. Describe 2 strategies for distri entirelyively example described above. These strategies could be medical exam, nutritional, studyal, sociable or emotional which argon meant to meet the baberens additional needs. scratch off Syndrome Down Syndrome, also referred to as Trisomy 21, is a condition which causes delays in the culture of babyren, both psychic wholey and physically, collectable to surplus genetic material.While normally when a baby is conceived it receives genetic development in the form of 46 chromosomes, 23 from the mformer(a) and 23 from the father, in a Down Syndrome the baby receives a total of 47 chromosomes, where an extra chromosome 21 is received. This extra chromosome causes the physical features and developmental delays that argon associated with Down Syndrome. It is gloss over unknow why Down Syndrome occurs exclusively there is no trend to preve nt it, and although children with Down Syndrome whitethorn ploughsh be some physical and mental features it can still range from low to severe.It is known that women age 35 and over restrain a bulls eyeificantly higher risk of having a baby with Down Syndrome. The physical features rough-cut to children with Down Syndrome include an upward(a) slant to the eyes, a short distinguish and a full-size tongue, which whitethorn protrude, poor muscle tone (muscle hypotonia), a flat nasal bridge, unusually large space between large toe and second toe, and belittled ears.Other problems related to Down Syndrome whitethorn include, but vary from child to child, flavour defects at birth, digestive system problems, erudition awkwardies, decelerate language development, li actually(prenominal) k nontyies, pulmonary problems, problems with hearing and vision, thyroid problems, and delayed physical development, reaching developmental milestones by and by than children without impai rment, unitedly with various separate medical conditions. Strategies for Down Syndrome. In the case of children with Down Syndrome early-intervention services are recommended.These include various medical check-ups, as tumesce as workings together with physical, occupational and speech communication therapists to serve encourage and accelerate the childs development. Inclusive education with the champion of a Learning weather Assistant and a fountainhead structured Individualised Education design (IEP) based on the childs needs is also recommended. Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning barrier that affects the translation and writing abilities of a individual. Children with Dyslexia usually piss trouble learning how to teach properly and connecting speech sounds to the letters of the alphabet.Research has shown that Dyslexia occurs because of problems related to the mental processing of selective information related to language. Because of this, reading itself becomes a dif ficulty within itself. Dyslexia is usually diagnosed in children in primary school, although sometimes it merely becomes apparent at a later on stage, when a child is cured and is faced with more than than mixed texts. Other problems associated with Dyslexia include difficulty reading, spell out and learning foreign languages. The later Dyslexia is identified, the more difficult it may be to help the child.Children whose parents suffered from Dyslexia are more likely to also suffer from Dyslexia. The later children learn how to speak the more at risk they are of having Dyslexia. Dyslexia may be diagnosed by a reading specialist or a psychologist. To children, having Dyslexia can prove to be very frustrating, firstly because they find it difficult to read, secondly because they feel wanting(p) to their peers. Children with Dyslexia miss out on precious reading practice and lots fall behind their classmates.Strategies for Dyslexia One fashion of promoting reading to childr en with Dyslexia is to feel a reading deferral. Ideally, the reading corner should be attractive to children with comfortable seating, picturesque posters and bookcases and possibly a screen to describe it from the rest of the classroom. The reading corner should be a quiet, comfortable, welcoming bowl where children can settle mastered to read. This area may be apply for individual reading, peer reading, and runty group discussions in a relaxed environment.Another air to help children with Dyslexia is to use synergistic whiteboards. Instead of asking all students to replica from the board, children with Dyslexia can be asked to hound during a lesson after which any notes written on the active whiteboard go out be printed out to aid these children and to trade name sure that they have justly written notes. Autism Autism, also known as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, is a long brain development disability that affects communication, tender interaction, together with ot her behaviours.Autism affects the government agency slew make sense of the foundation around them, because the brain has a problem version what is seen, heard, experienced, etc. make it hard to do staple everyday things. Although people with autism share accepted difficulties, each person is modify in a different way, and autism may affect a person in various degrees, ranging from very moderate to severe this is why autism is practically referred to as Autistic Spectrum Disorder. People with autism may find it hard to interact with other children, making friends, interpret nervus facialis expressions and other body language.People with autism have problems with both verbal as well as non-verbal language, and many may only have a substantial attending of spoken language. manner of speaking may also be particular(a) or not bewilder in people with autism, although this may not necessarily always be the case. People with autism may also have a problem recognising and inte rpreting other peoples emotions and feelings together with expressing their own, which may make it difficult for them to fit into society.Another problem that people with autism efficacy have, is understanding or predicting peoples behaviour, making sense of rescind ideas or understanding ideas and things which are outside their daily routine. Despite all these difficulties, people with autism have been known to have very particular capabilities, such as beingness very creative, having a talent for the arts, or being exceptionally good in working out calculations. Strategies for Autism Although there is no cure for autism, there are various ways in which a person with autism can be helped.Because people with autism find it difficult to understand the world around them it is very helpful for them to have a determined daily routine. Having a extremely structured schedule will help the person with autism to avoid getting confused and frustrated. Since it may be instead a challe nge to convey with a person who has autism, it may help to try to find resource methods of communication, which the person may understand and answer to. These may include sign language, use of technology or other alternative methods.Working with Children with Additional NeedsSection B Specific Additional Requirements Describe 3 examples of syndromes/conditions of your choice. Describe 2 strategies for each example described above. These strategies could be medical, nutritional, educational, social or emotional which are meant to meet the childrens additional needs. Down Syndrome Down Syndrome, also referred to as Trisomy 21, is a condition which causes delays in the development of children, both mentally and physically, due to extra genetic material.While normally when a baby is conceived it receives genetic information in the form of 46 chromosomes, 23 from the mother and 23 from the father, in a Down Syndrome the baby receives a total of 47 chromosomes, where an extra chromosom e 21 is received. This extra chromosome causes the physical features and developmental delays that are associated with Down Syndrome. It is still unknown why Down Syndrome occurs but there is no way to prevent it, and although children with Down Syndrome may share some physical and mental features it can still range from mild to severe.It is known that women age 35 and over have a significantly higher risk of having a baby with Down Syndrome. The physical features common to children with Down Syndrome include an upward slant to the eyes, a short neck and a large tongue, which may protrude, poor muscle tone (muscle hypotonia), a flat nasal bridge, unusually large space between large toe and second toe, and small ears.Other problems related to Down Syndrome may include, but vary from child to child, heart defects at birth, digestive system problems, learning difficulties, delayed language development, speech difficulties, pulmonary problems, problems with hearing and vision, thyroid problems, and delayed physical development, reaching developmental milestones later than children without impairment, together with various other medical conditions. Strategies for Down Syndrome. In the case of children with Down Syndrome early-intervention services are recommended.These include various medical check-ups, as well as working together with physical, occupational and speech therapists to help encourage and accelerate the childs development. Inclusive education with the help of a Learning Support Assistant and a well structured Individualised Education Plan (IEP) based on the childs needs is also recommended. Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that affects the reading and writing abilities of a person. Children with Dyslexia usually have trouble learning how to read properly and connecting speech sounds to the letters of the alphabet.Research has shown that Dyslexia occurs because of problems related to the mental processing of information related to language. B ecause of this, reading itself becomes a difficulty within itself. Dyslexia is usually diagnosed in children in primary school, although sometimes it only becomes apparent at a later stage, when a child is older and is faced with more complex texts. Other problems associated with Dyslexia include difficulty reading, spelling and learning foreign languages. The later Dyslexia is identified, the more difficult it may be to help the child.Children whose parents suffered from Dyslexia are more likely to also suffer from Dyslexia. The later children learn how to speak the more at risk they are of having Dyslexia. Dyslexia may be diagnosed by a reading specialist or a psychologist. To children, having Dyslexia can prove to be very frustrating, firstly because they find it difficult to read, secondly because they feel inferior to their peers. Children with Dyslexia miss out on valuable reading practice and often fall behind their classmates.Strategies for Dyslexia One way of promoting read ing to children with Dyslexia is to have a reading corner. Ideally, the reading corner should be attractive to children with comfortable seating, colourful posters and bookcases and possibly a screen to separate it from the rest of the classroom. The reading corner should be a quiet, comfortable, welcoming area where children can settle down to read. This area may be used for individual reading, peer reading, and small group discussions in a relaxed environment.Another way to help children with Dyslexia is to use interactive whiteboards. Instead of asking all students to copy from the board, children with Dyslexia can be asked to follow during a lesson after which any notes written on the interactive whiteboard will be printed out to aid these children and to make sure that they have correctly written notes. Autism Autism, also known as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, is a lifelong brain development disability that affects communication, social interaction, together with other behaviour s.Autism affects the way people make sense of the world around them, because the brain has a problem interpreting what is seen, heard, experienced, etc. making it hard to do basic everyday things. Although people with autism share certain difficulties, each person is affected in a different way, and autism may affect a person in various degrees, ranging from very mild to severe this is why autism is often referred to as Autistic Spectrum Disorder. People with autism may find it hard to interact with other children, making friends, interpret facial expressions and other body language.People with autism have problems with both verbal as well as non-verbal language, and many may only have a literal understanding of spoken language. Speech may also be limited or not present in people with autism, although this may not necessarily always be the case. People with autism may also have a problem recognising and interpreting other peoples emotions and feelings together with expressing their own, which may make it difficult for them to fit into society.Another problem that people with autism might have, is understanding or predicting peoples behaviour, making sense of abstract ideas or understanding ideas and things which are outside their daily routine. Despite all these difficulties, people with autism have been known to have very particular capabilities, such as being very creative, having a talent for the arts, or being exceptionally good in working out calculations. Strategies for Autism Although there is no cure for autism, there are various ways in which a person with autism can be helped.Because people with autism find it difficult to understand the world around them it is very helpful for them to have a fixed daily routine. Having a highly structured schedule will help the person with autism to avoid getting confused and frustrated. Since it may be quite a challenge to communicate with a person who has autism, it may help to try to find alternative methods of c ommunication, which the person may understand and react to. These may include sign language, use of technology or other alternative methods.

Pursuit of Happyness and the Glass Castle Essay

twain discussing struggles in living, these ii memoirs, Pursuit of Happyness and the nut fastness causad the way to embrace life with rank(a)ly no fear. They both provided ideals and showed that nobody is impossible with the use of right and appropriate attitude towards the quest for success. Both be true stories based on life of successful individuals in America. The Pursuit of felicity tackles the life of Chris Gardner, a salesman of bone s exactlytner who rancid to be a stock broker. This written report can be considered as a modern sidereal day fairy tale set in a realistic world. This is no different comp argond to take a craper(a) success stories.The spot is basic everyy structured to show the trend of rugs to riches. But what fragmentised this floor from differents is the series of unfortunate circumstances and continuous lack of options. At the end, the alternative maladjustede has always been to proceed with the chosen subdue with courage. On the other hand, The Glass castle discussed the falsehood of horrendous minorhood of Jeanette Walls, who later became a journalist. The book shows two polarity of merciful experience along the trading floor of her family first, the given life which they do not control and second, the track of life they had chosen and fought for.The given life pertains to Jeanettes childhood where she experienced prominent flecks with her family while they keep on transferring to different locations. Frequently, these abstruse canonic novels argon bound with the stories with the relationships they had with the family. The struggles argon either quest to free them from poverty and then lift their enjoyd ones lives as well or the quest for dreams that they are rigoroust to achieve. The family as an element of the story volition provide the touch of personnel or inspiration for the master(prenominal) consultation to achieve.Taking a research at these two books, apparently, they both have this story element. The family of Chris Gardner is neither complex nor at ease. It is the typical husband- married woman- one child New York family. Economically wise, the family is financially challenged due to the instability with their income. The couple is both working at day making them decide to send their son to a day aid center. The problems they are encountering several(prenominal) cartridge clips leads to arguments between Chris and his wife. At one of the heated arguments, his wife decided to leave him.This departure is the touch of the story for either the biggest spill of the main character or the touch of breaking rank for his forthcoming success. The unless one left for Gardner is his son, and as mentioned above, the child served as the fillet of sole source of his inspiration. From that point, he experienced the worst parts of his life as told in the narration. He became homeless- he carries all his and his sons enclothe along way and facing the fact that they are alone and can only rely with each other. Their schedule and budget became so absurd that only a little mistake volition make their situation drastically worse.In one instance, when they missed a bus ride, they as well missed the stay in the place for homeless where they are regularly staying. While the Pursuit of Happyness has a little bracket of time scope used in its storytelling, the Glass fortification started from the childhood of the character. It showed the picture of the family, where Jeanette is involved, as not much functioning. Her beget is intoxicantic and her mother shows poor in handling the family and plays to be so childish. One thing cannot be denied though. These parents love their kids so much.Jeanette, as the narrator and the second oldest child in the family shows his hearty belief with her parents desires not to send them to any form of harm and secure them with all their require as long as they could. She believes that his father, Rex, is worthy of respect . She never lose the optimistic perception that if her father is not drunk, it will reveal his true side that he is caring for the children and just now turned to alcohol out of despair from embarrassment and disappointment. The kids had hard time when they are crossing the countries to find a new place to stay.They are like no upsets popping up in several different places and added to that are the behavior of their parents who are mildly psychologically ill. Their mother, Rose Mary is an artist at heart and was known to be childish at some point. there is a scene when she was caught hiding candies which make her gain weight. She went mad like a child when her kids learned about it. What made this mad is the fact that during those days, her children are in fact experiencing starvation and she still chose to get over food from them.Looking at these characters, it is obvious that the roles they have for the story as a whole are crucial in shaping the last mentioned status of the m ain character. The characters are element of the story that provides the touch of human experiences. It is important to notice that every character in a story doesnt just serve differently when it comes to their role but they as well vary with the way they are presented according to the power they are bestow with the plot and the storyline. Perhaps, this is measured with the way and with the degree of their impact on the story and other characters.Emphasis on the characters can be leading for on that point are characters that are much exposed passim the tale but have less significance with the essence of the story. Comparing these two memoirs, in that respect can be assumptions that the set of characters in the Glass Castle shows attitude more vivid than the set of characters in Pursuit of Happyness. The characters of Pursuit of happiness are dynamic humans but the picture of supporting characters of the Glass Castle shows a wider range of human tendencies. It doesnt necess arily mean though that the characters of the latter are worth being followed than the characters of the former.Analyzing the two main characters, Chris Gardner and Jeanette Walls, there is one common characteristic between them- optimism. They are equal to Helen Keller, who prefers to see good things but not necessarily veer those big things. What they are doing is to move straight towards the path they have chosen condescension those bad things. If we are to put that mindset into metaphor, it is about treating the obstacles and negativity as cheerleaders that are necessary to boost their hype of desire towards success. It is common that there are psychological pressures to ensure that the familys security is sustained and assured.And with these two main characters, in release had been the key. This serves the fact that whoever you were doesnt define who you are red ink to be instead whoever you were doesnt matter in the future (Murray & Fortinberry 14-17). Chris Gardner is a c omposed man who has subtle knowledge about boundaries boundaries that he has and boundaries that other people has. To prove this, along the argument he has with his wife, there was a neighbor who is trying to clean a rug and the dusts are all in the air. Being disturbed, Chris confront that guy and tell him to stop it for there are people trying to talk.This certain part of the story shows how Chris knows what he deserves in life although this given example is so subtle since it only talks about dusts and a rug. Later, his neighbor counter argues and continued cleaning. Chris was inhibit but what shows here is not defeat but the strength of the character as someone who has a solid knowledge about his demarcation as a neighbor, as an individual. Jeanette Walls, on the other hand, was remarkable because more than just her intelligence, she in like manner has guts to get out from poverty without blaming others much(prenominal) as her parents.Her family supplied the role of somehow similar to a typical obstructer in a novel. But this is not how it was perceived in this memoir. The parents, throughout the novel, showed the picture of being irresponsible. The family is in the poverty line. These are both legitimate reasons for a child to hate the situations where they are involved. Surprisingly, Jeanette is not that kind of child or to be exact, she is the complete opposite of that. Unconditional love has been a type for romantic fictions but seldom that it was used in the setting of a family. The way it was shown is remarkably skilled.Jeanette, indeed, grew up as a study machine that gains knowledge and used them to endure all the obstacles she is facing in her life. Like what was mentioned, the supporting character of the Glass Castle has added an unusual cereal on the story. This happened because the characters were introduced with diversified tendencies. Rose Mary was inclined to art and is a brilliant woman. Later, it was revealed that due to some g et bys with her husband, she started to act childish. This shift with the mother will only contribute to the failure of their family.One significant key point in both stories is the concept of fatherhood. Fatherhood is a common subject for art pieces not just for literature. Patriarchy is a social phenomenon that needs to be handled with enough care for this is more than just an issue of individualism or masculinity but more on its social context. There are two dimension of fatherhood First, the role as a father to children and second, the role as the husband. Contract theories had been applied in the sphere of influence of social sciences to analyze each role further. Moreover, it has its governmental and social considerations mostly.In relation to paternal governing, in reference to the works of Robert Goodin and Philipp Pettit, in the separate story of Gardner and Walls, the dimension that was mostly tackled is the paternal role of fatherhood. The main difference is the direc tion of the issue in relation to the social environment. There are no issues between Chris and his son. The issues in the story are just order on them from the outside social environment. Poverty is one situation which is characterized by being homeless, jobless and frequent starvation. This fatherhood example is a showcase of paternal situation that was determined by the outside factors.The direction of the issue is different in the case of Walls. Jeanette has issue with her father, whether she is indifferent of it or not. What remained consume is that the dynamics of the role of her father was finished by depressions. It thence ruined the social environment which is the family. This issue was even amplified when the father turned into alcohol as a defense mechanism for all their mishaps. This patriarchal politics had been one of the central ideas of both memoirs and is crucial in understanding the feeling of them.Chris Gardner is a hero for his son, Christopher. This is a str ong indicator of his paternal polarity. The track that Chris alikek is solely devoted for them. This shows that whatever is going to happen to anyone of them, the effect will be on both of them. This tie between the two is very well shown in the book without any usage of sentimentality and without using too much romanticism. In the case of Jeanette Walls, the idea of paternal hero is also significant. Her wish to have a hero father is not repressed. For her, it is the mankind that she is seeing.His father is more than just a drunkard but a loving individual to her and the rest of her family. In this perception, apparently, the idea of hero father is more realistic in the story of Pursuit of Happyness. There remained an elicit idea that what Walls is conceiving or perceiving is a better or even absolute symbol of a more perfect fatherhood. Both stories are cautiously written which secured the hook it can make to those who are after self-improvement. aft(prenominal) all, these ar e just memoirs which are supposed to provide the stories that are personally addressed.But in the history of this form of literature, we cant ignore the fact that people are meant to be inspired by them and consequently change their selves. Works Cited Gardner, Chris and Troupe Quincy. the Pursuit of Happyness. MI Amistad. (2006). Walls, Jeanette. The Glass Castle A Memoir. NY Scribner (2005) Murray, Bob and Fortinberry, Alicia . Creating optimism. USA Mc Graw Hill (2004) Goodin,Robert and Petit,Philip. Contemporary political philosophy. MA Wiley Blackwell (1997) University of Oklahoma. World Literature Today. OK University of Oklahoma Press. (1999)

Human factors Essay

Introduction The National Institute for Occupational prophylactic and Health (NIOSH)s invention of Research to practice (R2P) was a all told a new inaugural, it is served with the purpose of transferring and translating the institutes search findings, its technologies and tuition by using highly effective practices of prevention and about rough-cut and available products which can argon easily adopted in the work shopping mall. Its enquiry is aimed at using the necessary methods of prevention to reduce work-related musculosketal disorders (WMSDs).The endeavour encourages centering commitment, the anticipation of workers, it also trains them the necessary safety practices procedures and these helps them to identify, evaluate and agree attempt factors that relate to WMSDs (American Meat Institute and Ergo Tech, 1990). The main objective of the initiative is to reduce illness and injury is achieved by ensuring there is effective social function of its research findings at w ork piazzas (ANSI, 1996).In ensuring that their findings are achieved effectively they work about with other partners like center for disease control (CDC), this facilitates its product development, translating its research findings into practice, target its dissemination efforts, and in evaluating practice effectiveness (ANSI, 1986), and this is clearly demonstrate by their efforts which have improved workplace health and safety in many organizations (American Meat Institute and Ergo Tech, 1990). Their research initiative is complete(a) by do use of the following techniques(a) Prioritizing their researches are aimed at addressing the most important and pertinent issues occupational, safety, health and injuries. (b) Partnering since it realizes that it cannot achieve its targets alone, it carries out its research and kit and caboodle closely with both international and domestic partners to encourage work place practices adoption and use of research findings. (c) Targeting Its research findings are channeled into information products, in different presentation reports which is tailored mainly towards meeting the targeted audience.(d) Translation It matchs that their research findings are transferred and translated by using appropriate tools of presentation by do use of latest technology, and all the necessary information that will ensure adoption of required prevention practices and procedures. (e) Dissemination It uses the latest communication recognition in guiding the movement of its research into the workplace. (f) Evaluation It builds data parade into each syllabus to determine its effectiveness in preventing work place injury and illness (ANSI, 1996).In order to ensure that the above initiative objectives are met, they make use of a variety of control methods of intercession to contain workplace hazards, their methods include ergonomic hazards. The control methods are (a) It builds strategies aimed at reducing the potential conditions for ha zards by making use of engineering controls. (b) By making use of administrative controls to ensure easy transition of workplaces practices, and the commonplace management policies.(c) they encourage the use of any necessary personal equipment evidence NIOSHs practices and activities highlight hazards and prevention strategies from diverse settings of work places. Their materials of practice are flexible and can be used either as a stand-alone course or they get it in incorporated into the already safety programs in practice (Astrand, & Rodahl, 1986). Their practice even includes a dedicated curriculum aimed at reducing occupational injuries and illness in young people.In helping teens, its activities have been extensively involved in pilot-testing by making use of high school teachers, job trainers and work coordinators all all over the country to teach the youth, the basic occupational safety and health (Astrand, & Rodahl,1986). in that location is need for inclusion of behav ioral issues in their research as relates to corporate social responsibility, this will help greatly in office ethics. References American Meat Institute and Ergo Tech, Inc. (1990). Setting up an ergonomics program meat industry.Arlington, VA American Meat Institute. ANSI, (1986). American national standard die hard for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand. in the raw York, NY American National Standards Institute, S3. 34 1986. ANSI, (1996). American national standard control of work-related cumulative trauma disorders. Part I upper extremities. New York, NY American National Standards Institute, Z-365-1996. Unpublished draft. Astrand, P. and Rodahl K. (1986). Textbook of work physiology. New York, NY McGraw Hill.

Radiotherapy Treatment Cancerous Diseases Clinac Health And Social Care Essay

Radiotherapy intervention has a burning(prenominal) and critical axial rotation in the intervention of cancerous infirmitys. unalike types of techniques were use for this intent. In past, conventional radiation therapy technique was employ. But it did non efficaciously used for intervention of tumours located in sensitive countries of homo organic fertiliser structure which have limited tolerance for radiation doses 1 .Modern rudimentary hours radiation therapy consists of 3D conformal radiation therapy and strength modulated radiation therapy ( IMRT ) . later on the cultivation of oculus position show of mail, 3D conformal radiation therapy was used for clinical intent in 1978. 2 ( Reinstein et Al. ( 28 ) and McShan et Al )In 3D conformal radiation therapy, present the high doses to aim ledger period determining the smile to minimise the pane to the environing normal tissues. To avoid the indecorous effects of radiations during intervention, harbor the normal ti ssues by determining the intervention Fieldss with prolong blocks 12 . In this unconscious process, 3D image computing implement vision and magnetic resonance imagination ( CT, MRI ) ar used to bend dexter up the tumours and other septic variety meats accurately 13 . In this technique we could non used to a greater extent than four intervention issue programs in the lead the development of MLCs in CLINAC 14 . After the development of MLCs, it is possible to protect the normal tissues by determining the intervention Fieldss to present the high doses to the concept volume accurately.In some instances like prostate, caput and cervix, it is impossible to scavenge normal tissues during the bringing of high energy dosage to the tumour unconstipated by utilizing the 3D conformal technique 15 . For this intent a stark naked technique Intensity modulated radiation therapy was introduced. In this technique, a tolerant is treated from a figure of different waies by utiliz ing a non perpetual intense barb. In IMRT technique, it is possible to present the high doses to aim volume while determining the beam to minimise the dosage to the environing normal tissues. It is achieved by utilizing compensators, cuneuss or MLCs. 16 IMRT techniques argon dearly-won and significantly complex than 3D CRT.In radiation therapy intervention, radiations are used for malignant neoplastic disorder intervention by avoiding the healthy tissues. These radiations destroy malignant neoplastic unhealthiness infected cells wholly. Gener al 1y radiation beams of X raies, gamma beams, and negatrons are used during intervention of malignant neoplastic disease diseases. In radiation therapy, various types of machines are used for the intervention of malignant neoplastic disease tumours by utilizing high energy photons and negatron beams 1 .In early 1900 s, sentience electromotive force and low energy X raies machines were used for malignant neoplastic disease interventi on. But these machines could non handle the deep sitting tumours due to their vile astuteness dose dissemination 2 . In 1950s, with the development of graduation practical mega-voltage machine Co-60, it was possible to handle deep seated tumours with photons. As the beginning of radiation in Co-60 unit has no point beginning, so its dimensions produce the geometric and transmittal penumbra. 3 Due to this penumbra, the dose distribution is non unvarying at the playing area border. Therefore Co-60 unit does non supply the type deepness dose distribution at the matter edges.After the development of magnetron or klystrons, microwave tubings, charge atoms were accelerated by high relative frequency electromagnetic moving ridges through these tubings. For this intent foremost additive foul up pedal were developed in 1950s. 4 In 1953 first checkup linear hitman pedal was used in Hammersmith Hospital in London 5 . At the beginning, accurate bringing of radiations to sep tic cells of a patient was major job. To decide this job, British Institute of Radiology ( BIR ) compiled a cardinal axis of rotation dose distribution informations, published in British diary of Radiology ( BJR ) supplement 5 in 1953. 1 clinical additive gas pedal ( CLINAC ) is a megavoltage machine with less geometric and transmittal penumbra, used for malignant neoplastic disease intervention 6 . Clinical additive gas pedal has quickly improved its bearing and engineering with the transition of clip. A modern twenty-four hours computing machine interpretled clinical additive gas pedals with double energy and multileaf collimators ( MLC ) technique provides fast, more accurate and precise dose bringing to the malignant neoplastic disease infected cells by avoiding the normal environing tissues 7 . It provides both negatrons and X-ray photons of versatile mega electromotive force energy scopes. In modern twenty-four hours additive gas pedal, high energy negatrons are produc ed which are used for superficial tumours. These negatrons are besides used to bring forth high energy x beams which are used for deep sitting tumours 8 .The Role of health check PhysicistsThe medical physicists must carry through following duties before extract of CLINACTo develop demands, particula balancens and recommendations for the choice of the CLINACTo program and supervise the building inst whollyations including screening design to house the CLINAC.To supervise tout ensemble the inst either(prenominal)ing processsTo execute toleration testing of the machineTo execute commissioning of the machine for clinical intentTo have a go at it in all told get informations during commissioning into intervention provision brassTo set up new processs for the effectual and safety usage of gas pedalTo set up processs for role confidence and quality control on the day-to-day footingAcceptance TestAfter the installing of radiation therapy machine, for faith trial a series of undertakings and measurings must execute to verify the specifications and safety criterion. In credence trial, physicists must verify three chief processsSafety chequesMechanical chequesDosimetry measuringsIn safety cheques, the medical physicists must verify that all interlocks and warning panoptic radiations are proper operation. In mechanical cheques, it must guarantee that all the parts of intervention unit including intervention tabular array are accurately working. In dosimetry measurings, specifications and uniformity of photon and negatron beams verified.CommissioningAfter complete and satisfactory credence trial, it is non possible to utilize clinical additive gas pedal ( CLINAC ) satisfying for intervention intent. All informations acquired during the credence proving are non sufficient to committee a radiation therapy machine in the intervention planning system.Commission is the procedure of fixing the processs, protocols, instructions and dosimetry informations for cli nical prospectus. AAMP codification of pattern for gas pedals ( TG 45 ) provides elaborate information about all these commissioning processs and besides discuses the demands for specific beam informations. All measurings of commissioning should be made by to the well(p) trained and qualified medical physicist.During commissioning, following undertakings must be achieved. discover all informations for external beam radiation therapy for intervention intent.Form all informations into a dosimetry informations bookEnter all information into the intervention planning system ( TPS )Develop all intervention planning processsVerifying the fair play of all processsEstablish quality control processsTraining all individualsMachine-specific beam informations for commissioning is extremely dependent on the dose calculation- algorithms used in the intervention planning system. The model-base dose calculation-algorithms ( convolution/superposition ) require some(prenominal) less calculated in formations than correction-based algorithms ( tantamount TAR, etc. ) . Irrespective of the dose calculation-algorithm, it is requisite to hold a minimal dataset for several energy scopes of photon and negatron beams that includes dowery deepness dosage ( unfastened, cuneus ) for several field coatsOff axis unfastened and wedge beam profiles ( cross plane, In plane ) for all field sizesEnd product factorsWedge factors ( difficult and practical ) calibrated dose rateEffective beginning to come up surpass ( merely for negatron )It is ensured that all beam and dosimetry informations acquired during commissioning of CLINAC must comparing with all the specifications and published informations of the same available theoretical account.It is strongly recommended that all the processs of commissioning must be care adepty executed and planned because all the get beam informations is used for patient s intervention. Therefore, for completion of all undertakings and measurings in commission ing, an appropriate clip tabular array must be scheduled. All the undertakings achieved during commissioning procedure of CLINAC can be estimated to necessitate 1 to 2 hebdomad per energy.Percentage Depth DosePercentage deepness dosage is defined as the ratio of absorbed dosage at any depth D on the cardinal axis of beam to absorbed dosage at Dmax multiplied by 100. ( F. Khan )Percentage deepness dosageIt depends upon a figure of parametric quantities beam energy, beam collimation, deepness D, field size degree Fahrenheit, and beginning to come up quad ( SSD ) .Beam ProfileThe uniformity of morose axis deepness dosage ordinarily called beam profile is measured by scanning the urine apparition for assorted deepnesss both beam axes. Following parametric quantities are measured to look into the uniformity of the beam profiles.Two-dimensionalityTwo-dimensionality can be specified as a maximal allowable per centum fluctuation from the norm dose across the cardinal 80 % of the full b readth at half maximal ( FWHM ) of the profile in a plane transverse to the beam axis. That is, the two-dimensionality F is given byTwo-dimensionality must be less than 3 % for identify field size 10 ten 10 centimeter measurings in H2O apparition at deepness of 10 centimeter and beginning to locate ( SSD ) .SymmetrySymmetry is frequently defined as a maximal allowable per centum discrepancy of the left-side dosage from the right-side dosage of a beam profile frequently at 80 % of the FWHM points.Symmetry must be less than 2 % for mention field size 10 ten 10 centimeter measurings at deepness of Dmax and 10 centimeter in H2O apparition at SSD 100 centimeter.Physical PenumbraThe penumbra, by and large defined as the sidelong distance between the 80 % and 20 % of upper limit dose points on one side of a beam profile, must be inwardly specification. It depends upon deepness, SSD, beginning size, beginning to collimator distance and beam energy. ( Ervin page196 ) Since commissioni ng beam informations are treated as a mention and finally used by intervention be aftering systems, it is vitally of import that the collected informations are of the highest quality to avoid dosi metric and patient intervention mis moves that may later take to a hapless radiation result.Output FactorEnd product is defined as the ratio of the end product in air for a given field to that for a mention field. It is the merchandise of collimator bed cover factor and apparition spread factor. It depends upon field size. It increases with field size. It is measured for each field size at a fixed deepness Dmax.Wedge FactorThe cuneus factor is defined as the ratio of dosage at a specified deepness normally Dmax on the cardinal axis with the cuneus in the beam to the dosage under the same status without the cuneus. Wedge factor alterations at deepness as a map of cuneus angle fading coefficient and field size. It does non depend on deepness. Wedge factor for practical cuneus is one because the figure of monitor units entered at control console, are delivered at the cardinal axis.

Liberal Education as a Livingstone

During a epoch when unemployment is at its lowest since World War II, angiotensin converting enzyme would think that conclusion a wrinkle would be easy. However, at this point in time, appli bathts for furrows be much qualified than ever. The competition for well-paid production lines is stiff, and in order to get forth citizenry need non only skill in whizz certain ara, simply a commonplace intelligence of umteen subjects as well. A enceinte learning provides the general acquaintance that gives job applicants an sp are edge when applying for a job. With a base of companionship in the enceinte humanistic discipline and a specialization in a certain area, multitude prove to be beneficial to employers.Throughout this paper, I leave al star exercising the term bountiful cultivation non only in describing subjects analogous English, history, philosophy etc. , hardly as Livingst sensation describes a large-minded didactics an education which aims at produ cing as perfect and complete a gentleman be as may be. In using the term open-handed education I expect that all alumnuss of a liberal arts college draw an expertise in palaver, as the art of speaking and create verbally well is a key focus in the curriculum. I will also use the narrow down education in reference to Livingstones definition an education which aims at earning a living or reservation money.Undergraduates pursuing a liberal undergrad education have an advantage over people with a specialized undergraduate education because liberal education provides a outstandinger versatility in terms of a coarseer base of knowledge so that finding a job and excelling in distinct areas is easier. Training in art of rhetoric, which today is defined as the art of speaking and writing effectively, is a valuable asset for job hunters. Specialized undergraduate curriculums focus little on rhetoric than liberal arts curriculums.A person with training in rhetoric would be hire d over another applicant callable to their expertise in communicating ideas effectively through speech and writing. Companies aim to employ sharp people who can express themselves wisely and eloquently because in close e very(prenominal) profession, writing well and persuading others to ones opinion is innate scientists have to apply for grants in order to fund their research and experiments business community must present proposals and of course, columnists and authors who have not mastered the skill of rhetoric are less likely to find a job and be successful in terms of status and salary.Ability to express oneself all the way and effectively designates to what level one may raise in the merged ladder, for people with refined writing skills benefit companies to a large extent, small-arm people with less skill in writing have less influence, and thereof less power. People with a liberal education are skilled in multiple areas and therefore can be of more benefit to employe rs. Rather than a specialized learn in one area, a liberal education provides savants with a coarse range of knowledge that attracts employers. As Virtruvius says, liberal education teaches the student the connection between different disciplines.Kno come ong and realizing the relationship between subjects, an employee can perform a greater number of tasks and learn new ones more rapidly thus being more valuable to a company. Should a man lose his job due to it becoming extinct or other reasons, a liberal education would provide a better cushion to fall dorsum on because of the diversity of subjects studied. For example, if a court stenographer loses his job due to a new audio technology that records and word-processes court proceedings, he would not have to, in a sense, start over for lack of knowledge in other areas.Utilizing his knowledge in rhetoric, philosophy, history, and other humanities, he could find another job without going back to school. On the other hand, the unde rground would report that a liberal education would not benefit almost(prenominal) people because a curriculum based on the humanities repels many students. Rather than take courses that disinterest them, students should specialize in subjects they enjoy. One should not waste money on an education that does not focus on ones interests an education that does not stimulate the student is a failed education.In order to make the most out of undergraduate years, the students should study what interests them. In rebuttal, a liberal education does not suit every personality or preference. However, in the job market, having a liberal undergraduate education and a specialized graduate education gives people an advantage, for not only are they trained specially in their circumstantial area, but they also have a general knowledge of the liberal arts. Students interested in areas such as technology and sciences should take circlees that interest them.However, in addition to the sciences co urses, rhetoric classes would prove beneficial even in a scientific line of study. Every occupation entails writing in some way, and sharpening ones writing skills only reaps more benefits when searching for a job. Many people interested in the sciences and technologies specialize during their undergraduate years, and therefore miss out on training in rhetoric. Specialists who take classes to purify writing are better-prepared and more likely for find a job. other argument of the opposition people who start specializing during undergraduate years are better prepared for graduate school. They master and excel in one specific area of study. Whereas, it would take someone with a general undergraduate education a protracted time to master a specific area of study because of the attention spent on a broad education during undergraduate years. Instead of spending thousands of dollars on a general education, students could use the four years to specialize in the field that they enjoy.A l iberal education may prove beneficial for students who are unsealed about their major, but focused students should not waste their time on general education. Students who know what they want to focus on should specialize their education in order to expedite their college time and either start a masters degree or start their careers. It may take longer for a generally trained undergraduate to specialize in a certain area, but then again, if they are trained in sagaciousness the connection between different areas of study, they may be able to decompose up different subjects more quickly.There are really two issues here to refute. First, when studying, why is everything such a rush? People are in a hurry to enter the job force alternatively than to take their time during their schooling. I suppose the answer to the question is money. duration people are in school they pay thousands of dollars and receive very little back in comparison. Once they start working they can begin the p ayback period. Sadly, those who enter the workforce first do win in the sense that they can start paying back their debt, part the people still in school keep accumulating debt.Second, even if people with a liberal arts education enter the workforce at the same time, they are not at a disadvantage in terms of knowledge capability as the previous argument concludes. In fact, liberal arts undergraduates may be at a unconvincing advantage in terms of useful knowledge. For example, two applicants for a job have both had the same graduate education but one (person 1) had been trained in the liberal arts during undergraduate years, and the other (person 2) had specialized earlier.Assuming the two candidates preformed equally in gradate school, which may not be a fair assumption due to person 2s past knowledge and previous study, however, for arguments sake, drive both were successful in graduate school. An employer would choose person 1 because of the liberal arts background on top of the specialized graduate schooling. An employer would know that people with a liberal arts background are not only intelligent in their specific line of study, but also understand the connection between disciplines, and would choose the person with the broad base of education.In discussing liberal arts training, one assumes that every student who graduates has a well-developed knowledge of all the subjects a liberal education offers. However, it is not fair to assume that every student attending a liberal arts undergraduate school explores each subject extensively and excels in every class. Many students take advantage of the time they spend in undergraduate school by partying on weeknights and coming to class so tired that they cannot concentrate on the lesson, or even worse, they skip class all together.This careless behavior towards schooling hurts not only the students taste of the material, but their grades as well. It is time that all upperclassmen graduate with honors rather than right slide by. The effect on the community and valet de chambre would be astounding. Thousands of great minds graduate from college every year and become success stories like report Gates. Imagine every college student intellectually on par with the smartest graduate. Our world would be a different place. That is the place to which we should strive, and we have reached out last when everyone achieves individual excellence.

Archetype Research Project Essay

Archetypes be An inherited idea or rule of thought in the psychology of C. G. Jung that is derived from the experience of the race and is present in the unconscious of the individual ( fender). Archetypes be central in each(prenominal) cultures crosswise the world and ignore provide important lessons and exposelooks on the common aspects of charitable conduct. The voyageing, is an archetype in which the principal(prenominal) character is in search of approximately sort of truth and typically faces humannessy difficult trials along the stylus, this ordure be both physical and mental. While passing game through these trials a kind of hell is reached and the character must attempt to make their representation back to society. Though the journey is not always well want due to its dark and serious nature, it provides self-confidence and denominates society how to react to difficulties they may face in sprightliness. This archetype can be found in slightly different f orms in the three allegorys Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bront, The Odyssey by Homer, and The afflict by Albert Camus. Each author uses the archetype, the journey, to express their own thoughts they create an boilers suit theme or message to influence their reviewers.Jane Eyre was scripted in 1847 by Charlotte Bront. The novel follows Jane Eyre from her childhood as the family scapegoat, through her schooling at a poorly managed charity school, and later when she constitutes a governess and falls in drive in with her employer, Mr. Rochester. Janes journey is in search of the love and acceptance of others, she goes through many trials before attain her goal. The theme that Bront creates using the archetype of the journey is In times of luridness you must persevere and not retire raft of yourself and your morals while striving to find happiness. This is one of the more or less important messages that she is sending to her readers through Jane Eyre. She does this by giving multipl e examples of Janes strength.One example of Janes strength is when she struggles to acquire her since of dignity and self-worth aft(prenominal) discovering, on her wedding day, that Mr. Rochester was already married. This is the most devastating part of Janes journey hardly her reaction to the situation is what builds the theme. Laws and principles atomic number 18 not for the times when thither is no temptation they are for such moments as this, when proboscis and soul rise in mutiny against their rigour stringent are they inviolate they shall be (Bront 369). Jane is genuinely tempted to just give in to her weaknesses but she regains her composure and continues her struggle. Janes strength is also shown when she leaves Thornfield the night later on the wedding. entirely I was soon up crawling forwards on my manpower and knees, and then again raised to my feet as eager and as determine as ever to reach the road (Bront 374). At this point Janes emotional turmoil has gone as far as to disp demean case physical weakness. Which, she also finds courage to over keep up. Bront uses Janes strength of morals and haughtiness in times of trial to get her theme across to her readers.The richness of her perseverance throughout the novel is solidified in the fact that her scurvy pays off in the end with a happy conclusion after Mr. Rochesters wife is dead. I hold myself supremely damnedblest beyond what language can express because I am my maintains life as fully is he is mine (Bront 522). Jane would sop up been very unhappy if she had given in to her weaknesses before she felt chastely sound in doing so. This shows how significant her waiting was in securing her happiness in the end.Charlotte Bront used the archetype of the journey in Jane Eyre to impact the reader by illustrating the importance of maintaining your moral standards and since of self-worth through times of trial and hardship when you are most prone to weakness. She has exemplified this t hrough the strength and persistence of her main character, Jane.The Odyssey was written by Homer around 700 B.C. It is an epic that tells the story of Odysseus, a man who must make his way back home from war to his wife and son. His journey home however is delayed by a serial of trials and while he is away suitors take over his household. Odysseus has been a procedure model not only in Greek culture but all around the world. Homer uses the characters reactions to the trials that are typical to the archetype of the journey to show the need for determination, hope and strength in the face of hardship.As Odysseus goes through the many challenges of his journey his perseverance is put to the test. One of these cause is when Odysseus and his mob are within sight of Ithaca, but the curiosity of his crew causes them to be thrown severely off course and pushed back many days in their journey. And I woke up with a start, my spirit disruptive should I leap over the side and drown at at a time or grit my teeth and adjudge it, stay among the living? I bore it all, held firm, hiding my face, clinging tight to the decks (Homer 10. 55-58). True strength is shown by Odysseus here due to the fact that it is laden with the dramatic irony of almost reaching your goal then being set back to the beginning. Homer uses Odysseuss will to continue on and not give up to show the determination essential to overcome a trial such as this.Odysseus is not the only character in The Odyssey that the archetype of the journey applies to. Telemachus, Odysseuss son, also goes through a journey and discovers darker truths as he searches for discussion of his father and watches the suitors tear apart his house. But for me the gods have spun out no such joy, for my father or myself. I must bear up, thats all (Homer 3.236-238). Homer presents Telemachus much same his father, always determined to pass on moving forward even when it seems all is against him.The archetype of the journey is e er full of challenges and often disappointment. Odysseus comments on what he has learned of the nature of life and hardship. But then, when the happy gods bring on the long hard times, bear them he must, against his will, and steel his heart. Our lives, our mood and mind as we pass across the earth, turn as the days turn (Homer 18. 154-157). Odysseus has learned this lesson from experience and his quiesce warnings and advice on the subject contribute to the theme of the necessity of strength when it comes to the archetype of the journey.In simile to the archetype the journey Homer uses The Odyssey to create a theme of resilience and determination when encountering struggles and trials. This is created through the way that the characters handle hardship with their lives. Odysseus is a major role model whose success and failures can comfortably be learned from.The offense was written by Albert Camus in 1947 the novel relates the story of a city falling into and later recovering fr om an pestilent of pesterer. Each character has his own personal interests but as the plague progresses and the gates of the city are closed, fighting the plague becomes everyones main interest. The entire towns citizenry goes through an archetypal journey with each characters experiences differing in their own ways. When a group of mess is suffering, each person has a duty to think more of the group and less of individual desires everyone has to campaign to help others. It is the few people who fulfill that duty who make the residuum for the whole of the residential district in the end.As the first few cases began to arise, aught wanted to admit the high level of danger that came with them. Due to the towns want of experience with the plague things move slowly at first and no one really knows what to do. Despite this confusion and lack of knowledge it is important that there are a few people who are always fighting to make progress. No, we should go forward, groping our way through the darkness, stumbling perhaps at times, and try to do what good lay in our power (Camus 205). Camus shows the absolute need for action even when nix is quite sure what to do. The town is urged to forget personal matters to devote themselves to spare-time activity silver screen determination.After months of plague it becomes obvious to the townsfolk that they are all in the situation together and that they are in the same keep down of risk even though nobody wanted to acknowledge it out loud. No longer were there individual destinies only a corporate destiny, made of plague and emotions shared by all (Camus 151). The atmosphere of the survival situation has made personal interests unimportant and the survival and health of the community the main point of the peoples lives.As the city of Oran attempts to regain its stability its citizens sacrifice their personal feelings such as love to go into a survival mode. Evening after evening gave its truest, mournfulest expressi on to the blind endurance that had outlasted love from all our hearts (Camus 168). People have become so engrossed in the plague and its effect on their lives that emotions like love are pushed to the back of the mind. Camus stresses the fact that in order for a community to endure, personal sacrifice is necessary.The Plagues main theme in relation to the archetype of the journey is that personal sacrifice may be needed in order for a community to go through a journey and still prevail in the end. It can also be seen that hope is necessary when you are faced with hardship even if you are completely lost and in the dark.All three novels, Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bront, The Odyssey by Homer, and The Plague by Albert Camus have strong examples of the journey archetype. Each tells a story of trials, hardship, and suffering. Jane Eyre focuses largely on Janes personal development and the challenges that she faces in her everyday life. Bronts main theme is to not lose sight of who you are w hen things get tough in contrast to the ideas behind The Plague which call for almost an exact opposite due to the community reach in which the journey takes place. The Odyssey is more about a since of strength and endurance, though Odysseuss emotions are evident and are very important in maintaining his will to continue trying to reach home, they do not overcome the scene like in Jane Eyre and The plague.The journey archetype is very important in giving people insight to possible life situations. By reading about a characters development while going through a journey it is easy to realize their achievements and failures. This makes these types of situations easier to handle when they come up in real life later on because the reader has already been warned of what to do and what not to do. The main characters of a story think on an archetypal journey are also inspirational and can provide the same hope and determination by giving people a they did this so I can too type of empla cement toward lifes challenges.