Music-Induced Affect as Treatment of Elderly Depression Essay

cabb suppurate first in venerable patients is one of the most prevalent psychological problems today. However, search and association regarding this beat is limited and those involved in the screening of this knowledge to help olden individuals experiencing picture are lacking in efficient strategies and breeding. This paper aims to explore the efficacy of inducing cocksure strike through unison as a schema in litigateing clinical picture in older individuals. The paper foc enforces on the efficientness of unison entirely as tool in treating natural falling off based on its capacity to induce affirmatory affect. It is hypothesized that positive affect continuously induced via medical specialty within a set time-period bequeath lessen signs of depression.Introduction picture has recently been recognized as one of main psychological problems lining society today. Literature shows that treatment of depression learns to be specialise in terms of the commonwe alth it addresses. Certain groups, such as pueriles, oppose to certain treatments differently when compared to another group, such as the elderly. (Aryan & Alvidres, 2001 Von Kroff et al, 2001)Depression among the elderly has specifically been found to be rampant and mostly un reviewed chiefly due to the fact that it was regarded earlier on as a common step in an individuals aging. (Casey, 1994) The need for further research on the subject is stressed by the fact that treatments and solutions for depression among elderly individuals are studied only in areas wherein a majority of the population is in the late stages of life. (Bramesfeld, 2003)Also, research has shown that general practitioners involved in treating depression in the elderly need to have more training and data on how best to handle depression in older patients. (Rothera et al, 2002) diagnosing of depression is overly a problem with 70-90% of depressed elderly patients outlet undiagnosed. (Koenig, 1999)A new st rategy being researched for its effectiveness in treating depression employs the use of music techniques. H supplantricks et al (1999) showed the potency of music in treating adolescent depression mainly because of its ability to inspire a change in the individuals emotions.Hanser & Thomson (1994) and Hanser (1990) studies have excessively shown promise in the use of music techniques to treat depression in older individuals. This paper aims to clear these previous studies but lead focus only on the musical comedy aspect of the treatment. Previous research included exercise, muscle relaxation techniques, and yield of experiences which could have confounded the results of the previous studies attesting to the effectiveness of music techniques.Research hesitation The goal of this paper is to determine whether there is a solid race between music-induced affect and depression. Can positive affect induced by music reduce depression? It is hypothesized that positive music-induced a ffect has a significant negative relationship with depression.Methods The design of the ingest is experimental and random. Specifically, it makes use of a 22 between-subjects factorial design. One variable lead be the music-induced affect which testament have two levels in the experiment, presence and absence of music-induced affect. Negative music-induced affect will not be used for estimable reasons. The other variable will be the test scores of the participants assessing the meretriciousness of their depression. This will have two levels, test scores prior to the use of the music technique and test scores acquired after application. The two variables tally tot eh 22 factorial design. (Mann, 1949)Setting The study will be conducted in a laboratory setting within particular care facilities from which the participants will be gathered. Performing the experiment in a primary care facility will be more favourable especially because the participants involved are elderly indi viduals. The laboratory setting will control for confounding variables that could be present in a received environment.Population The research sample will be composed of individuals from age 65 onwards coming from primary care facilities and who have been diagnosed with depression (ranging from mild to severe). This is to avoid ethical and scientific concerns regarding clinically-induced depression.Data CollectionThe autonomous variable is the positive music-induced affect will be measured with the defer Form of the ten-fold Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R). (Zuckerman & Lubin, 1985) The depression level, the aquiline variable, of the participants will be measured with the Beck Depression neckcloth (BDI). (Beck et al, 1961)Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group will be administered with music sessions aimed at inducing positive affect. The music will be pre-tested on a different set of participants also with depression to chec k its validity in inducing positive affect. The control group will not be administered with music sessions and will only be administered the Beck Depression Inventory at the start and at the end of the experimentation period. The experimental group will be administered the selected music once daily for a duration of four weeks. During the sessions, participants of the experimental set-up will be asked to clear their minds and to focalise only on the music being played. The State Form of the multiplex Affect Adjective Check List-Revised will be administered before and after each session to ensure that positive affect was induced. The Beck Depression Inventory will also be administered to this group at the start and end of the four-week experimentation period to document depression levels.Data Analysis store data will be analyzed statistically with the use of a one-way analysis of departure (one-way analysis of variance). The computed marginal means in the ANOVA will be the determ ining statistical value indicating the effect of positive music-induced affect on depression scores with the Beck Depression Inventory.Conclusion euphony as a technique employed in treating depression will provide healthcare workers and low-income families with a relatively cost-free strategy of helping elderly individuals experiencing depression. This is also a technique that doesnt require much training or medical expertise in its administration. All one would need in order to be able to administer this technique is knowledge as to which music selections are prescribed and certified to induce positive affect. This technique, because of its simplicity and speed of application, could also be used as a supplementary strategy to medication, counseling and psychotherapies being employed to treat depression in elderly patients. The research, however, has many limitations. The range of elderly individuals that will be available for experimentation will only be confined to a specific loc ality. Time constraints will also be an issue. Further study should be conducted on a larger sample size and over a longer experimentation period. Different music styles and variations can also be checked to ascertain maximum effectiveness of the treatment. Gender could also be checked as a factor. Depression is indeed a psychological problem that afflicts todays elderly individuals. Research regarding effective techniques has to be continued and expanded in order for healthcare workers to be able to best address this growing problem.ReferencesArean, P., & Alvidrez, J. (2001). Treating Depressive Disorders Who Responds, Who Does Not Respond, and Who Do We bespeak to Study? Journal of Family Practices, 50(6), 529Beck, A., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression, Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.Bramesfeld, A. (2003). do provision for elderly depressed persons and political and professional awareness for this subject a comparison of six European countries. International Journal of gerontological Psychiatry, 18, 392-401Casey, D. (1994). Depression in the elderly. Southern Medical Journal, 87(5), 559-563Hanser, S. B. (1990). A music therapy strategy for depressed older adults in the community. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 9, 283-298.Hanser, S. B., & Thompson, L. W. (1994). Effects of music therapy strategy on depressed older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 49, 265-269.Hendricks, C., Robinson, B., Bradley, L., & Davis, K. (1999). Using music techniques to treat adolescent depression. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 38(1), 39-46Koenig, H. (1999). Late-life depression How to treat patients with comorbid chronic illness. geriatrics, 54(5), 56-61Mann, H.B. (1949). Analysis and design of experiments analysis of variance and analysis of variance designs. New York, Dover Publications.Rothera, I., Jones, R., & Gordon, C. (2002). An examination of the attitudes and practice of general practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in older people. International Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 354-358Von Kroff, M., Katon, W., Wells, K., & Wagner, E. (2001). Improving Depression Care Barriers, Solutions, and Research Needs. Journal of Family Practice, 50(6), 529-561Zuckerman M, & Lubin B. (1985) Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised. San Diego Educational and Industrial Testing