Cognitive Theory Detailed Outline

* cognitive guess Outline I. surmisal cognitive Theory (CT) a. Key Concepts i. The way a psyches mind collects and categorizes information is built into synopsiss. Those schemas help cast associations with future thoughts, emotions and behaviors, as they de nameine how we categorize an see to it. Schemas influence our recall of an experience (good or foul), our emotion (positive or negative), and our behavior (acceptance or avoidance), and how we interrelate it mentally to similar new situations that we go steady.If the schemas that ar built inside argon bad, they tail cause a domino effect of inappropriate thoughts, emotions and behaviors until the bad pay back is challenged and the old schema is replaced with a new one. ii. The most primitive schema houses our automatic thoughts. iii. Automatic thought heap be visual or verbal. Other characteristics of the three types of automatic thought show that it (1)is distorted, yet lapses although no evidence exists to supp ort the distorted thought (ex.Telling yourself you ar the worst person in the world and be craftving it) (2) is a correct automatic thought, precisely the conclusion the patient draws isnt (ex I failed the test, so that delegacy Im stupid) or (3) is an accurate thought, but still dysfunctional (It depart take me all night to finish his project The behaviors associated with this thought worthy overwhelming and cause perplexity, which lessens the concentration and work output) (Murdock, 2009, p. 318). iv.Automatic thoughts ar coexistent with our deeper thought thoughts, as they be quick snapshots of thought that come roughly impromptu without any reflective thought (Murdock, 2009, p. 318). v. CT Theory doesnt recall that humans are innately good or bad, but quite neutral, whereby humans are seen as organisms adapting to the environment (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). vi. CT assumes both an external, objective lens reality and a personalised, subjective, phenomenological one (M urdock, 2009, p. 319). vii. CT is most a scheme of psychological dysfunction (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). viii.Murdock (2009) provides that Clark and Beck concluded that cognitive processes evolved to enhance adaptation to the environment, and hence, selection (p. 319). ix. In CT, the basic needs of humans are thought to be preservation, re harvest-homeion, dominance, and sociability (Murdock, 2009, p. 320). x. The cognitive model says that perception determines emotions and behavior. xi. Three types of cognitive processes that soulfulnesss ask are automatic (can be innate- suited to preservation and survival) conscious (the literal act of thinking), and metacognitive (an examination of how we think). ii. Two kinds of cognitions are important in CT core beliefs and assumptions, roles and attitudes (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xiii. CT guess asserts that human functioning is a product of what you turn around and genetics. xiv. Recently, two types of temperaments have been presented wi thin the theory- autonomy and sociotrophy. Autonomous slew strive towards mastery and lock and rated self-worth and achievement without regard to others, while sociotrophic pack rank themselves against others in terms of worth.These types approach thinking, and life differently ground on their perspectives, therefore they feel and react differently. xv. CT recognizes that people can be illogically functional, meaning that you can function even if you have illogical beliefs, i. e. , someone who is functionally depressed. xvi. Issues are born in how an individual constructs his or her reality, which is based on innate, biological, developmental, and environmental factors (Murdock, 2009, p. 327). b. Key Theorists xvii. Aaron Beck is the key idealogue for Cognitive Theory.He alike recognizes other cognitive theorists as influences, including Magna Arnold, George Kelly, and Albert Bandana. c. Appropriate Populations for the Theory xviii. Appropriate populations for this theory may be those that need anger management, are suffering from depression, bipolar disease, manic depressives, substance abuse disorder, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorders, schizophrenics, personality disorders, and social phobias Western populations, Chinese and other Asiatic populations . Inappropriate Populations for the Theory (Explain why. ) xix. Possibly some non-Western cultures, Latinos, Asians, American Indians, those that are super spiritual, Indian populations, and those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered may experience challenges with regard to this therapeutic approach. e. Therapists Role xx.The therapist is to assess the leaf nodes thoughts, get a full psychological evaluation, examine guest cognition to bring awareness to client as a means for improving cognitive thinking (by asking questions that lead the client to vex at a counselor predetermined destination, thus giving them self-command and responsibility), help the client make specifi c goals, analyze those goals from a CT prospective, develop a cognitive plan for clients, and teach the CT model. f.Clients Role xxi. The client is to establish goals for therapy, remain independent throughout the process, learn and implement the CT model and remain active and engaged in the therapeutic services. xxii. The client is a student who collaborates with the therapist, and eventually, leads therapy as sessions show make of the clients growth. g. Theory Strengths xxiii. This theorys finalises lie in both behavioral and psychoanalytic approaches (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). xiv. CT is structured active, collaborative, and psychoeducational and emphasizes a scientific approach (Murdock, 2009, p. 332). xxv. The goals of CT are to identify and change faulty information processing and to modify beliefs that support psychological dysfunction to ones that are more adaptive (Murdock, 2009, p. 333). Rebuilding or rewiring thought processes as they relate to primal schemas should allow the individual to present with more adaptive behavior. xvi. Cognitive and behavioral techniques are used in CT. Some of those techniques include call into question (socratic, or leading questions), downward arrow (diagram of thoughts, drawing with those close to the rear and moving down to the core), thought recording (journal worksheet), behavioral environments (choosing behaviors that challenge faulty beliefs- ex if you say I never have fun, choose to start oing things that you think would be fun), activity scheduling (build a calendar that keeps client engaged in life), graded tasks (breaking bigger tasks into smaller ones as to not be overwhelmed), problem solving, imagery (replacing negative images, or turning them forward by interrupting the associated thought), role-playing (or behavior reversal). h. Theory Limitations xxvii. The length of time can be considered a limitation of CT, as it is typically a briefly term intervention (Murdock, 2009, p. 332). xxviii.Change in schemas may need more time to occur than suggested in CT, specifically if the dysfunction resides in a core schema structure. xxix. The theory is difficult to use, as it may be harder to locate the root issues built within the deeper schemas. xxx. CT ignores the clients emotion and biography in favor of his thinking (Murdock, 2009, p. 343). i. Key Terms (Write a short definition for each. ) xxxi. Cognitive Therapy describes systems that highlight awareness and understanding of dysfunctions to bring about interventions and changes in the way people think, react, feel and behave. xxii. Schemas are cognitive structures that mould the barrage of information with which we are constantly confronted (Murdock, 2009, p. 320) xxxiii. Stereotype threat is the anxiety aroused by the prospective risk of believing and confirming a negative stereotype about yourself because you belong to a group that has been negatively stereotyped (ex poor people are uneducated) (Murdock, 2009, p. 322). xxxiv. Core beliefs are stored within our schemas, and contain our most basic, fundamental beliefs, and are therefore the hardest to modify. xxv. Immediate beliefs are assumptions, rules and attitudes about what should and must be (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxvi. Simple schemas involve physical objects or very distinct, simple, ideas, such as dogs, books, computers and so forth (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxvii. Automatic thoughts are spontaneous assessments or pictures that exist along with our more conscious, deeper thoughts (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxviii. The mode is specify as networks of cognitive, affective, motivational, and ehavioral schemas that compose personality and interpret ongoing situations (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). xxxix. The conscious control system is responsible for metacognition and intentional behavior, such as that based on personal goals and values (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). xl. Primal modes promote preservation, survival, reproduction, and sociability. (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). 1. There are cardinal types are primal modes threat, loss, victim (evolved to protect and preserve survival) and self-enhancement (helps the person adapt) (Murdock, 2009, p. 24). xli. patriarchal modes that are dysfunctional are caused by changes in environmental factors. Those changes caused a reaction in the individual which may present as a person with dysfunctional thinking. xlii. Constructive modes help you build through the experiences you encounter as you live. They are associated with positive emotions and adaptive characteristics and include (a) the capacity for intimacy, (b) personal mastery, (c) creativity, and (d) independence (Murdock, 2009, p. 25). xliii. Minor modes are conscious and narrowly focused on everyday life situations, such as reading, writing, social interaction, athletic activities (Murdock, 2009, p. 325). xliv. Photoschemas are inmate patterns that interact with experience to develop the modes, as the modal theory explains (Murdock, 2009, p. 3 26). xlv. Health is information processing that allows the individual to meet his goals of survival, reproduction, and sociability (Murdock, 2009, p. 327). xlvi.Cognitive troika is the depressives negative views towards the self, the world, and the future (ex Im a bad person, the world caused me to be this way, and were all going to hell. ) (Murdock, 2009, p. 328). j. Is this theory explore based? Evidenced based? (Justify your rationale. ) xlvii. This theory is research based, as Murdock shares that Cognitive Therapy is perhaps that most well-researched counseling approach in existence, with an overwhelming measurement of empirical support for its effectiveness with a variety of client problems. She also notes that the evidence for the theoretical assumptions and structure is less impressive (Murdock, 2009, p. 344). k. Special prep requirements xlviii. This therapy requires the therapist to be culturally aware and sensitive the clients needs. Reference Murdock, N. L. (2009). Th eories of counseling and psychotherapy a case approach (2nd Ed. ). upper berth Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education.